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Purpose-To describe the frequencies of and risk factors for ocular complications and poor visual acuity at presentation in a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis.Design-Cross-sectional study.Setting Single-center, academic practice. Procedures Data on patients diagnosed with JIA-associated uveitis were entered retrospectively into a database and analyzed. Study populationOutcome measures Visual acuity of 20/50 or worse or 20/200 or worse, and presence of ocular complications (including cataract, posterior synechiae, band keratopathy, elevated intraocular pressure, hypotony, macular edema, and epiretinal membrane) at presentation.Results-At presentation, ocular complications were seen in 67% of eyes affected by JIAassociated uveitis. Presence of ≥ 1+ anterior chamber flare, a positive antinuclear antibody, and a shorter duration between the diagnosis of arthritis and uveitis were significantly associated with the presence of ocular complication. The frequencies of 20/50 or worse and of 20/200 or worse visual acuities at presentation in affected eyes were 36% and 24%, respectively. The presence of ≥ 1+ anterior chamber flare and a history of intraocular surgery prior to presentation were significantly associated with 20/50 or worse and 20/200 or worse vision. Presence of posterior synechiae also was associated with 20/200 or worse vision at presentation. The main causes of poor vision at presentation for affected eyes and better-seeing eyes were cataract, band keratopathy within the visual axis, and glaucoma.Conclusions-Ocular complications and poor vision at presentation were common in our patients with JIA-related uveitis.

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IMPORTANCE Open globe injuries can lead to substantial visual morbidity and lifelong sequelae. Interventions to reduce the burden of open globe injuries in the United States require a better understanding of these injuries through well-designed epidemiologic investigations. OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence, common injury mechanisms, and economic burden of open globe injuries in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, cross-sectional study of US nationwide emergency department (ED) data assessed all ED visits of patients with a primary diagnosis of open globe injury in the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS)

Purpose-To investigate the risk of cataract development among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis treated with topical corticosteroids. Design-Retrospective cohort studyParticipants-75 patients with JIA-associated uveitis observed from July 1984 through August 2005 at a single academic center.Methods-Clinical data on these patients were collected by chart review and were analyzed.Main outcome measures-Incidence of new-onset cataract. Risk factors for cataract development were assessed with attention paid to the use of topical corticosteroids.Results-Over a median follow-up of 4 years, the incidence of new-onset cataract was 0.04/eyeyear (EY, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02/EY, 0.09/EY). Of the 60 eyes in 40 patients who received topical corticosteroid therapy, there was a dose-dependent increase in the rate of cataract development among eyes receiving topical corticosteroids. The incidence of cataract was 0.01/EY for eyes treated with ≤ 3 drops daily and 0.16/EY (P = 0.0006 for log rank test) for eyes treated with >3 drops daily. Among eyes receiving ≤ 2 drops daily, the incidence of cataract was 0/EY (95% CI, one-sided: 0.03/EY). Presence of posterior synechiae, active uveitis, and use of topical corticosteroids at presentation were statistically significantly associated with cataract development after controlling for confounding variables. Use of topical corticosteroids was associated with cataract formation independent of uveitis activity. Using longitudinal data analysis and controlling for duration of uveitis, presence and degree of active uveitis, and concomitant use of other forms of corticosteroids in a time-updated fashion, treatment with ≤ 3 drops daily of topical corticosteroid was associated with an 87% lower risk of cataract formation compared to eyes treated with >3 drops daily (relative risk = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.69, P = 0.02).Corresponding Author: Jennifer E. Thorne, MD, PhD; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute; 550 North Broadway; Suite 700; Baltimore, MD 21205, Phone: (410) 955-1966; Fax: (410) 955-0629; jthorne@jhmi.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptOphthalmology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 July 1. Published in final edited form as:Ophthalmology. Conclusions-In our cohort, topical corticosteroid use was associated with an increased risk of cataract formation independent of active uveitis or presence of posterior synechiae. However, chronic use of topical corticosteroids dosed at ≤ 3 drops daily appeared to be associated wi...

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to describe the transition of ophthalmology education to a virtual curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight innovative solutions ophthalmic educators implemented for medical students, residents, and fellows. Recent findings Clinical and surgical ophthalmology volume abruptly decreased in March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 public health crisis. All didactics, grand rounds, and journal clubs shifted to an online format. Ophthalmic educators collaborated with other institutions in the United States and abroad on shared virtual curricula and seminars, and simulation-based training tools were better emphasized for surgical skill acquisition. We share the latest literature written by ophthalmic educators on successful adaptation of these new instructional strategies. Summary The COVID-19 pandemic transformed ophthalmology education overnight and accelerated the adoption of innovative e-virtual learning resources for trainees. These changes will undoubtedly remain part of the new paradigm of medical education in the post-COVID era.

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