Denim plays a vital role in the fashion industry. But today's fashion not only concern about its aesthetic property but also its comfortability. Objective: This study was aimed to explore the effect of different softeners on the comfort and thermal feeling properties of stretch denim fabric. Method/analysis: For the understanding of comfort, feeling, and thermal properties of stretch denim fabric in conjunction with enzyme wash and stone enzyme wash; different softeners like cationic, anionic, nonionic, micro silicone, macro silicone, and nano-silicone softeners were applied accordingly. Then water vapor permeability and comfort property tests were conducted to understand the effect of different softeners on comfort and thermal properties of stretch denim fabric. Findings: Comfort, feeling, and thermal properties of stretch denim fabric were affected by using different kinds of softeners. Enzyme and stone enzyme washed stretch denim fabric treated with silicone-based softeners illustrated better feeling performance regarding the smoothness, softness, and warmness sensation. For water vapor permeability analysis, nonionic softeners showed better performance for both cases of enzyme wash and stone enzyme wash rather than others. Furthermore, nonionic and anionic softeners displayed lower performance for thermal conductivity during compression and recovery than silicone-based and cationic softeners in context with both Enzyme wash along with stone enzyme wash treated stretch denim fabric. Novelty: This research is a novel work regarding the understanding of comfort and thermal feeling properties of stretch denim fabric by applying different softeners together with enzyme wash and stone enzyme wash.
This study was designed to investigate the effect of different softeners on dimensional stability and color fastness properties of stretch denim fabric. Stretch denim fabric was washed using enzyme concentration of 4.0 g/l for 30 minutes in 40°C temperature at pH 5.5 and then different softeners were applied in conjunction with standard recipes. Different color fastness properties, dimensional stability were analyzed in combination with enzyme wash and stone enzyme wash along with cationic, anionic, nonionic, micro silicone, macro silicone and nano silicone softeners. Stone enzyme wash treated with different softeners on stretch denim fabric demonstrated better performance in case of different color fastness properties rather than enzyme wash. No significant change was observed for application of different kinds of softeners on enzyme wash and stone enzyme treated stretch denim fabric regarding the grade of color change and color staining for color fastness to light and color fastness to water. Silicone-based softeners illustrated better performance for color fastness to washing than other softeners for both enzyme wash and stone enzyme wash. Cationic softener proven excellent durability and suitability towards multiple washes rather than other softeners. The GSM of stretch denim fabric also increased accordingly after applying different softeners rather than untreated stretch denim fabric. From scanning electron microscope images, stretch denim fabric sample treated with enzyme and cationic, micro silicone softeners implied less ruptures and less cracks rather than stone enzyme treated with cationic, micro silicone softeners.
Line balancing is an effective tool to improve the throughput of assembly line while reducing non-value-added activities, cycle time. Line balancing is the problem of assigning operation to workstation along an assembly line, in such a way that assignment is optimal in some sense. This project mainly focuses on improving overall efficiency of single model assembly line by reducing the non-value added activities, cycle time and distribution of work load at each work station by line balancing. The methodology adopted includes calculation of cycle time of process, identifying the non –value-added activities, calculating total work load on station and distribution of work load on each workstation by line balancing, in order to improve the efficiency of line and increase overall productivity.
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