Nanotechnology is considered as one of the most promising technologies for the 21st century. Nanoscience along with nanotechnology encompasses the study and application of very small things and can be used across all the other science fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering. This technology overcomes the drawback of applying traditional methods to impart certain properties to textile materials. There is no hesitation that in the upcoming years, nanotechnology will break through into every vicinity of the textile industry. Application of nanotechnology in modern textile lies in areas where innovative principles will be combined into long-lasting, multifunctional textile structures without compromising the intrinsic textile properties including aesthetic, breathability, flexibility etc. The current condition of nanotechnological use in textiles arena is reviewed with an emphasis on improving various properties of textiles.

The current study is aimed to explore the sustainable dyeing approach of silk fabric with turmeric powder using tannin as mordant extracted from tamarind seed coat. For that, tamarind seed coat tannin was extracted and applied as natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate for dyeing silk fabric with the extract of turmeric powder. Dyeing parameters such as temperature, time and mordant concentration were varying for optimizing the process. The color strength, color coordinates, color fastness to wash, perspiration, water and rubbing were evaluated for examining dyeing performance. Firstly, tannin was extracted from tamarind seed coat and applying on the silk fabric at 95˚C temperature for 45 min by varying concentration. Among them 15 g/l shows better results. Some samples were mordanted with both 15 g/l extracted tannin and 0.5% copper sulphate solution. The mordanted samples were dyed with turmeric dye by varying the time and temperature. By analyzing the test results, the sample mordanted with extracted tannin showed high color strength and good fastness properties dyeing at 80˚C for 60 min. The application of 0.5% copper sulphate mordant enhanced sustainable wash fastness properties.

This research work was designed to explore the effect of different washing processes (enzyme wash, enzyme stone wash, enzyme stone wash with bleaching, heavy enzyme stone wash with bleaching) on various properties of stretch denim fabric. Different properties like tensile strength, tear strength, dimensional stability to washing, color fastness to washing, color fastness to water, color fastness to perspiration, color fastness to light, color fastness to rubbing, changes in fabric weight were investigated in context with different washing processes for stretch denim fabric. All tests were carried out according to the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Enzyme washed fabric illustrated better performance regarding tear strength, tensile strength and dimensional stability; but showed moderate performance in different color fastness properties. But the color fastness to rubbing of heavy enzyme stone wash was excellent. No significant change was observed regarding the grade of color change and color staining for color fastness to wash, color fastness to perspiration and color fastness to light with respect to different types of washing processes like enzyme wash, enzyme stone wash, enzyme stone wash with bleaching and heavy enzyme stone wash with bleaching. The grade for dry rubbing and wet rubbing was comparatively better for enzyme wash rather than other washing processes. The GSM (gram per square meter) of stretch denim fabric also increased accordingly after different kinds of washing process rather than untreated stretch denim fabric. The dimensional stability of stretch denim fabric also altered after going through different washing process. The highest shrinkage was occurred in weft direction for heavy enzyme stone wash with bleaching.

Exploration on hydrogel fibres concerning about smart based application in the medical sector has stimulated great interests for the last couple of years due to its wide range of purposes that include actuators, artificial adhesives, transplantable tissue organs, cell scaffolds, cell therapeutics, wound healing, cartilage or bone regeneration. Nevertheless, recently hydrogel fibre based biomaterials have drawn great concentration for use in a wide variety of biomedical applications like the sustained release of drugs. This is due to the fact that, hydrogel fibers are biocompatible and their similarity about physical properties is in relation with natural tissue. This review article prescribes about the application of hydrogels with diversified prospects in tissue engineering, wound care dressings, soft tissue recovery and plastic surgery. As the products of hydrogels are composed with a group of polymeric materials, the hydrophilic network structure makes them competent for holding an immense quantity of water in their three-dimensional polymer network structure. A wide-ranging application of these products in modern industrial and environmental areas has already taken into account to be of prime importance. Inevitably, natural hydrogels right is now gradually replaced by synthetic types due to their larger amount of water absorption capacity, durability alongside with wide ranges of raw chemical resources.

Abstract:The purpose of this paper was to investigate the overview of sustainability in apparel manufacturing industry and why developing country suppliers are adopting environmentally and socially sustainable practices and how the implementation process is both hindered and enabled. Presently sustainability of fashion industry in the worldwide is the major considerable issue. The much talked concern is for the favor of fashion's sustainability around the world. Many organizations and fashion conscious personalities have come forward to uphold the further extension of the campaign of good environment for tomorrows, but the Bangladeshi garment and textile industries are far beyond of this consciousness and it poses a risk of losing the world market. On the other hand, fashion for the morality or ethical issues is one of the key concepts for the humanity and sustainability point of view. It is high time to implement special strategies and approaches towards the sustainability. Social sustainability improvements benefit vulnerable workers, help suppliers develop longer term relationships with transnational companies and contribute to economic growth. In terms of the working environment, Bangladeshi apparel industries are facing great challenges at present. Fire accidents are common in garment factories and recent building collapses pose a great threat to its future. Moreover, the workers receive the lowest wages of the world that makes them unsatisfied, causes often clashes and violence during protests against low wages. This study has considered the working environment, fire and safety issues of the garment industries of Bangladesh and suggests significant initiatives towards better environment and sustainability.