This study was designed to investigate application of a theory of planned behavior, including involvement and decision-making style in predicting undergraduates' borrowing attitudes. We conducted interviews to explore antecedents of students' debt-consumption/borrowing attitudes. We employed exploratory factor analysis to identify attitudinal dimensions utilized in hierarchical regression as independent variables. The results suggest students regard themselves as good money managers, but lack control over borrowing and debt. Combining involvement and decisionmaking style as a style/involvement variable had a powerful mediating effect in predicting borrowing intention. Research suggests that grouping students, based on their involvement level with finance and decision-making style, into debtor types offers opportunities for more understanding of their debt-consumption intentions. Strategies are proposed for dealing with different debtor types.j asp_705 119..149

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Disclaimer UWE has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material. UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights. UWE accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT. 1Overactive, overwrought or overdrawn? The role of personality in undergraduate financial knowledge, decision-making and debt Neil Harrison and Farooq Chudry (University of the West of England)Abstract : The financial situation of undergraduate students remains a high-profile issue within the UK higher education sector, not least due to its perceived relationship with retention, well-being and success. This paper probes this question from a new direction, using concepts and approaches from the field of applied psychology to examine how students use various forms of credit and whether personality impacts on borrowing behaviour.The sample in this study comprised 604 undergraduate students at a large UK university. Data was collected by online questionnaire on demographic background, borrowing history, borrowing intentions, financial literacy, personality type and attitudes to money. Using a series of regression analyses, it was found that a tendency towards extraversion was particularly associated with the use of overdrafts and borrowing from family members and that this led to higher anticipated debts on graduation. Neuroticism was found not to have any significant relationship to borrowing behaviour, but it was a significant predictor for student anxiety about money management.The paper also reports related findings concerning students" learned borrowing behaviour, the acceleration of student use of commercial borrowing during their course of studies and about the construction and implications of financial literacy.

It is widely accepted that the 4Ps of marketing is the basic framework that has underpinned most marketing activities over the last 30 years. [2][3][4] The notion of the 4Ps was conceptualised by McCarthy 5 from Borden's 6 'marketing mix'. The underlying premise of the 4Ps is its transactional nature; it sets out to achieve a sale and so long as the sale is made the marketing programme has, to all intents and purposes, achieved its INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that 'the Internet will be the best relationship marketing tool ever, as it offers opportunities for direct marketers to understand their customer's needs and to establish personal relationships'.1 The purpose of this paper is to explore this perspective through undertaking research with a cross-section of businesses operating in different business sectors. Abstract It is recognised that deciding on how to deal with the Internet is one of the major strategic challenges that businesses face today. Within a short period, the Internet has emerged from being a niche medium used by a minority of individuals, to being a mainstream channel used by millions of people and businesses globally. Moreover, the Internet is being used to gain competitive commercial advantage worldwide, removing market and geographical barriers of entry. This study examines the attitude of business-to-consumer companies towards the use of the Internet in order to establish whether it is simply fashionable to use this medium or whether it is a fundamental for successful relationship marketing. To supplement a literature review a postal survey was conducted among all the client companies of Prime Response, a major supplier of database marketing software for customer relationship marketing (CRM). A total of eleven companies (31 per cent of the census) took part in the study. The research concludes by suggesting that the Internet is both a fad and a fundamental for relationship marketing at the moment. It is recommended that the Internet should be used as an integral part of a business's overall strategy and, as a channel, managed in conjunction with all other channels that a business uses.