Background: HPV testing is performed in primary care, and in case of abnormal results, the patient is referred to specialized care for follow-up and treatment. Participating in HPV test and receiving an HPV diagnosis can create adverse psychosocial responses. In developing countries that HPV testing recently has been integrated in cervical cancer screening program, to enhance the quality of health services provided to HPV-positive women we need to assess their perceptions. This qualitative study aims to explore HPV-positive women's needs and experiences of receiving health services. Methods: We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with HPV-positive women. Recorded interviews transcribed and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach.Results: Women sought information on HPV types, transmission, prevalence, and clearance. They also required information about other STIs, potential benefits of HPV vaccine, and the risk of HPV-related cancers. Women with abnormal cytology asked about HPV cofactors for cervical cancer. Participants sought ways to improve immunity and sexual health. HPV-positive women's expectations of health care providers (HCPs) include professional principles, communication and counseling skills and HPV-knowledge. Women prefer that HCPs treat them with non-judgmental attitude and do not ask for HIV/hepatitis tests immediately after HPV-diagnosis. "Precancerous" and "high-risk" words and watching colposcopy monitor during procedure had made women anxious. Weak referral system and limited interactions among gynecologists and other HCPs highlighted by participants.Conclusion: The results of this study, based on the experiences and perceptions of HPV women receiving health care, contain messages to healthcare providers at the primary and specialized levels of care to facilitate patient-provider communication around HPV. These practical tips will improve the quality of care for HPV-positive women.
Objective To explore the reproductive concerns of women infected with human papillomavirus HPV Design Qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach Setting A large busy colposcopy clinic in Valiasr hospital (Tehran) Sample Twenty Iranian women tested positive for high-risk HPV types or both high-risk and low-risk HPV strains Methods In-depth face-toface semi-structured interviews were conducted transcribed verbatim and analysed using conventional content analysis approach with the aid of MAXQDA.10 software Main Outcome Measures HPV-positive women's reproductive concerns Results Exploring participants' concerns about fertility and childbearing, three main categories extracted from the interviews, namely: concerns about fertility potential, pregnancy concerns, and non-pregnancy reproductive concerns. Women were concerned about the impact of HPV on male/female fertility potential, fetal health, pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage and preterm delivery), and breastfeeding. Women with cervical abnormalities were anxious that becoming pregnant or taking hormonal contraception might worsen their condition. Most participants were reluctant to use a condom. Married women wanted to know why they were advised to use a condom when they already had HPV. Women also asked about the potential reproductive risks of the HPV vaccine. Conclusions HPV-positive women had some reproductive concerns that should be considered in the designing of educational-consulting interventions. Women need to be better understood and informed about the impact of HPV on their reproductive health. Health care providers may lack knowledge about these specific areas, and they could benefit from additional up-to-date information to address women's reproductive concerns.
Background: It is essential to pay special attention to sexual health of transgender women. The aim of this study was to assess sexual behaviors and vulnerability of transgender women to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including AIDS.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenient sampling from August 2019 to march 2020 in Iran. 127 transgender women participated in this study .A researcher-made questionnaire was applied for evaluating sexual behaviors, STIs and HIV. Results: The mean age of participants and their age of sexual debut were 27.6 and 16.9, respectively. 92.1% of participants were single with experience of sex and 59.3% had one sex partner in the last 2 years. 96.9% of the participants were heterosexual with 67.2% reporting experiencing orgasm in at least 50% of their sexual intercourse. However, 42.5% reported dyspareunia and the same percentage reported low or very low sexual satisfaction. The majority of participants had little knowledge of the symptoms (33.9%) and complications (44.1%) of STIs. Although 87.4% and 72.4% of participants had never been tested for a STI and HIV, 1.6% were infected with HIV and 18.1% with STIs. Conclusion: Sexual interests of Iranian transgender women were aligned with those of cisgender women. In terms of sexual function, despite the higher rate of orgasm in transgender women, sexual satisfaction was lower in them compared to that of cisgender women due to dyspareunia and body dissatisfaction, which highlights the need to investigate for more effective surgeries and specific sexual counseling interventions in this group.
Background: After developing breast cancer, women experience changes in their sexuality, femininity, and fertility. These changes lead to poor mental health and increased psychological stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Good Enough Sex (GES)-based, couple-centered group counseling on reproductive and sexual concerns of breast cancer survivors.Methods: This was a quantitative randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT). After completing the informed consent forms, 100 women were assigned to the intervention and control groups (50 individuals per group) using randomized block design. The intervention included four 90-120-minute sexual counseling sessions with 2 and 3-month follow-ups. The data were collected using the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, Persian version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Reproductive Concerns After Cancer (RCAC) scale, and Female Sexual Function Index adaptation for Breast Cancer patients (FSFI-BC). The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 20 using descriptive and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.Results: Significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean stress, anxiety, depression, reproductive concerns, and sexual function scores of the participants (P < 0.001). Therefore, the GES-based, couple-centered group counseling is associated with significant reductions in reproductive and sexual concerns of female breast cancer survivors.Conclusions: The designed psychosocial training and counseling intervention effectively reduced reproductive and sexual concerns of female breast cancer survivors. Therefore, these training and counseling programs can be organized by relevant service centers to promote the reproductive health of women with breast cancer.
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