PurposeSkin cancers are the most common human malignancy with increasing incidence. Currently, surgery is standard of care treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers. However, brachytherapy is a growing modality in the management of skin cancers. Therefore, we aimed to assess the outcome of patients with non-melanoma skin cancers treated by high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy with surface mold technique.Material and methodsIn this prospective study, we recruited patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin who were candidates for definitive or adjuvant brachytherapy during 2013-2014. Alginate was used for making the individualized surface molds for each patient. Patients were treated with afterloading radionuclide HDR brachytherapy machine, with a total dose of 30-52 Gy in 10-13 fractions. Participants were followed for 2 years for radiation toxicity, cosmetic results, and local failures.ResultsA total of 60 patients (66.7% male; median age, 71 years) were included, of which 42 (70.0%) underwent definitive radiotherapy. Seventy-five percent of lesions were BCC. The mean total dose was 39.6 ± 5.4 Gy. Of patients in definitive group, 40/42 (95.2%) experienced complete clinical response after 3 months. The recurrence rate was 2/18 (11.11%) and 1/42 (2.38%) in adjuvant and definitive groups, respectively. The percentage of grade 3-4 acute (3-month post-treatment) and late toxicities (2 years post-treatment) was 6.7% and 0%, respectively. The cosmetic results were good/excellent in 96.2% of patients after 2 years of follow-up.ConclusionsWith appropriate patient selection and choosing as lowest dose per fraction as possible, HDR brachytherapy with customized surface molds yields good oncological and cosmetic results for the treatment of localized skin BCC and SCC.

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The rate of lymphedema in our patients was 17.5%, ranging from 4 to 21% in different study centres. Time post surgery, treatment with radiotherapy and the technique used, and nodal radiation seem to be factors that are related to this large variation.

*With the increasing national and international popularity and exposure of Current Oncology, the queue of excellent submissions continues to lengthen. After substantial consideration, the journal's management has determined that the best way to manage this abundance is to move to a "hybrid" of combined print and electronic publication, with every e-manuscript being supported by a full print abstract and key words, and of course, indexing in PubMed for international recognition. E-JOURNAL LINKED ABSTRACT Background:Despite high-level evidence in the literature, the use of single-fraction radiotherapy (RT) for management of painful bone metastases is not widely practiced in the world, as highlighted in several practice-pattern surveys. Fractionation of palliative RT for bone metastases has not been addressed in Iran, where the most common clinical practice is the use of 30 Gy in 10 fractions. Thus, we decided to perform a randomized clinical trial to compare responses in our patients with those reported in the international literature. Patients and Methods:Adult patients with multiple painful uncomplicated bone metastases were randomized to 8 Gy in a single fraction or 30 Gy in 10 fractions. Pain was graded by the patients on a scale of 1 to 4 just before and again 1 month after the end of RT. Palliative response was defined as "complete" (pain reduction of 2 grades or more), "partial" (pain reduction of 1 grade or more, but less than 2 grades), and "no response" (pain reduction of less than 1 grade). Results:We randomized 70 patients in this trial (63% women; mean age: 51.6 years). Sites of treatment included spine (n = 27), sacrum or pelvis (n = 25), extremities (n = 14), ribs (n = 3), and sternum (n = 1). Patients graded their pain before RT in a range from 1.8 to 4.0 (mean: 3.2). All patients finished their scheduled course of RT without incident.Unfortunately, 5 patients died less than 1 month after the end of RT, and 7 did not return for any follow-up and could not be contacted. As a result, only 58 patients (31 who received multiple fractions, and 27 who received a single fraction) were available for evaluation of pain 1 month after treatment. At that time, pain was graded in a range from 1.0 to 4.0 (mean: 2.0). The reduction in pain grade ranged from -0.8 to 2.6 (mean: 1.1). We observed 8 (14%) complete responses, 33 (57%) partial responses, and 17 (29%) no responses, for an overall response rate of 71%.The number of responders was 21 (78%) among those who received a single fraction and 20 (65%) among those who received multiple fractions (p > 0.1). The mean reduction in pain was 1.1 in both groups. The 10-fraction group contained a higher number of complete responders (11 of 31 as compared with 6 of 27 in the 1-fraction group)-a result that was not statistically significant. The mean reduction in pain was 1.4 in patients 50 years of age or younger and 0.9 in patients more than 50 years of age (p = 0.01). Of the 8 complete responses, 7 (87.5%) were seen in the patients 50 years of age or younger, and the ...

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