No abstract

Solar energy is one of the most important task of renewable energy. Since the relative sun's motion to the Earth is variable with the seasons and from sunrise to sunset, so the energy produced by the panels is variable. To overcome this problem, we build a solar tracker that follows the sun and thus get the greatest amount of solar radiation most of the time. In this research, a solar tracking system has been manufactured locally and tested experimentally .It is found that our tracking system gives a good results in tracking the source of energy.

3 Zn(NO ) ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ص‬ 2+ Zn ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضرث‬ ‫ي‬ ) 2 ) 2 SC(NH ) ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضرل‬ ‫يل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ص‬ -2 S .) ‫ث‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضل‬ ‫يز‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ 0.05M ‫ي‬ 0.1M ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضري‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضردص‬ ‫يص‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫عح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ي‬ . ‫يل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ضء‬ ‫ضرهي‬ ‫فل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫رأل‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ضرأ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ضر‬ o K 473 ‫ية‬ ‫ضردص‬ ‫ن.‬ ‫عي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ير‬ ) ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضرل‬ ‫يع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ض‬ ‫يي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يق‬ ‫ضز‬ ‫ييد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫يل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضري‬ XRD ) ، ‫يل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ضن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ZnS ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يص‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫عح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ضرد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ) ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يحر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ضرأ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ضرأ‬ ‫ن‬ 14 nm ‫ضرص‬ 22 nm ‫ية‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضردص‬ . ‫يي‬ ‫أح‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫يل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ضز‬ ‫ليد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ه‬ ، ‫يل‬ ‫يب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫فل‬ ‫ييص‬ ‫ضرط‬ ‫ن‬ ‫يل‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫إرص‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ن‬ 80% . ‫ضر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ط‬ ‫يية‬ ‫ف‬ ‫يح‬ ‫ضرط‬ ‫ضلع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫يق‬ 3.62 eV ‫إرص‬ 3.57eV . ‫أحي‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫فل‬ ‫ضر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ع‬ AbstractIn this work, ZnS films were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique where the zinc nitrate salt (Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ) was used as a source of zinc ions(Zn +2 ) and thiourea (SC(NH 2 ) 2 ) as a source of negative sulphide ions(S -2 ). The effect cadmium ion concentration at 0.05 M and 0.1 M on the structural and optical properties is described. Annealing process is carried out in air at temperature 473K for 2h. The structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction, where found that for ZnS films

Nanostructures CdS films were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique on glass substrates, where the cadmium nitrate salt was used as a source of cadmium ions and thiourea (SC(NH2)2) as a source of sulphide ions(S -2). The deposition were carried out at different pH values. Structure of these films was characterized by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope (AFM). CdS f ilms deposited have cubic(zinc blende) structure and the grain size of nanoclusters decreases with increasing pH value in solution. The optical properties study by transmission spectra and the films have highly transmittance in visible region of spectrum and reach to more than 86%. The CdS films have band gap increase from 2.42 to 2.58 eV with increasing pH value in solution.

Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films were grown on glass substrates by the vacuum evaporation technique. The effect of thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of the as deposited samples was analyzed. Structure of these films was characterized by X-ray diffraction. CdS films deposited have polycrystalline structure cubic(zinc blende) and hexagonal (demand). The grain size increases with increasing annealing temperature. The optical properties of CdS films have highly transmittance in visible region of spectrum and reach to more than 84% . Band gap decreases from 2.55 to 2.33 eV with the increasing annealing temperature from 473K to 623 K.