Aim:The objective of this research was to in vitro evaluate the cuticular surface damage of Ascaridia galli adult worms treated with ethanolic extract of betel nuts Veitchia merrillii.Materials and Methods:Phytochemical screening was done using FeCl3, Wagner and Dragendorff reagents, NaOH, MgHCl, and Liebermann–Burchard reaction test. Amount of 16 worms were segregated into four groups with three replicates. Four worms of each group submerged into phosphate buffered saline, 25 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml crude ethanolic extract of V. merrillii, and 15 mg/ml albendazole. The effect of these extract was observed 40 h after incubation as soon as worms death. The worms were sectioned transversally and were explored for any cuticular histopathological changes in their body surface under microscope.Results:We found that the ethanolic extract of V. merrillii betel nuts contains tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. The ethanolic extract of betel nuts V. merrillii induces surface alterations caused cuticular damage of A. galli adult worms.Conclusion:We concluded that ethanolic extract of betel nuts V. merrillii possess anthelmintic activity caused cuticular damage of A. galli adult worms.
Fasciola gigantica and Paramphistomum spp. are trematode helminth causing severe economic losses in cattle farming in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study was conducted to examine the correlation between the prevalence of F. gigantica and Paramphistomum spp infections with the body condition and sex of Aceh cattle. In total, 103 cattle (50 males and 53 females) from an abattoir in Banda Aceh were used. The body condition score was recorded and the number of fluke eggs in feces was examined coproscopically. The results showed that F. gigantica prevalence was 41% and 72% in females and males, respectively, whereas, the prevalence of Paramphistomum spp in females and males was 81% and 72%, respectively. The average number of fasciola eggs was 2.55 eggs/ g feces and 2.75 eggs/ g feces in females and males, respectively, The average number of Paramphistomum spp eggs was 127.6 eggs/g feces and 36.8 eggs/ g feces in males, and female respectively. Based on the Body Condition Score (BCS), the prevalence of both trematodes was higher in the skinny cattle (BSC 2 and 3). This study established that the infection of Fasciola in BCS 3 was higher than BCS 2 and 4. Male cattle were more susceptible to infection than females.
The occurrence of major outbreaks of dengue, and other vector borne diseases such as chikungunya and zika in tropical and subtropical regions has rendered control of the diseases a top-priority for many affected countries including Malaysia. Control of the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus through the reduction of breeding sites and the application of insecticides to kill immature forms and adults are the main control efforts to combat these diseases. The present study describes the association between Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti in shared breeding sites. This study is important given that any measure taken against one species may affect the other. A yearlong larval survey was conducted in four dengue endemic areas of Penang Island. Sorenson’s coefficient index indicated that no association between number of the immatures of the two species regardless of container size and study location. Therefore, the mean number Ae. albopictus immature was not decreased in the presence of Ae. aegypti in shared breeding container. However Ae. aegypti appeared to prefer breeding in habitats not occupied by Ae. albopictus, the two species sharing breeding sites only where available containers were limited. In control efforts, eliminating the preferred breeding containers for one species might not affect or reduce the population of the other species.
Fasciola gigantica is a parasite that causes a disruption of the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, which interferes growth and causes death. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb extract is one of the medicinal plants which has been used to treat several diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of methanolic extract of C. aeruginosa Roxb on F. gigantica, including mortality time and histopathological changes that occurred after treatment. This study used a completely randomized design with five replications. The flukes were soaked in three different extract concentrations: 10% (T1), 25% (T2), and 50% (T3) (w/v). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution was used as a negative control (C1) and albendazole as the positive control (C2). The mortality time of F. gigantica in each group was calculated, and the dead flukes were prepared for histopathological study. The data were analyzed by Analysis of variance. The results showed that C. aeruginosa extracts at the concentration of 10, 25 and 50% caused the death of the flukes within 75, 57 and 48 minutes, respectively., Histopathological observations showed that the extract caused breakage of tegument which is an important organ in the respiratory process and nutrient absorption. This study concluded that C. aeruginosa extract exhibited anthelmintic activity towards F. gigantica in vitro.
AbstrakIndonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang beriklim tropis, sehingga sangat mendukung dalam perkembangbiakan nyamuk sepanjang tahun. Nyamuk merupakan salah satu vektor yang memiliki tingkat penyebaran penyakit yang tinggi dibanding beberapa jenis serangga lainnya, sehingga sampai saat ini masalah kejadian penyakit yang ditularkan vektor nyamuk (mosquito borne disease) masih menjadi perhatian yang utama. Upaya pengembangan insektisida alami terhadap larva nyamuk adalah salah satu solusi yang sangat baik untuk saat ini, karena bahan dasar insektisida alami merupakan tumbuhan yang bersifat toksik terhadap serangga namun tidak mencemari lingkungan, tidak meninggalkan residu di udara, air dan tanah, mudah terdegradasi serta memiliki tingkat keamanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan racun-racun anorganik. Informasi tentang daun belimbing wuluh sebagai larvasida dengan pelarut etanol sudah ada dilaporkan, akan tetapi pengujian terhadap metode repelent yang dilarutkan dengan metanol, etil asetat dan n-hexan masih kurang.Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat perbandingan tingkat potensi daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) sebagai insektisida alami yang dilarutkan dengan sifat pelarut yang berbeda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan menggunakan metode repelent. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh yang dilarutkan dalam tiga jenis larutan yaitu metanol, etil asetat dan n-hexan. Data pengujian repelent ditentukan dari tingkat daya proteksi nyamuk. Analisa data menggunakan anova dengan uji lanjut BNT (beda nyata terkecil).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh yang dilarutkan dengan ketiga jenis pelarut pada metode repelent memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat daya proteksi. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh berpotensi sebagai repelent, tingkat daya proteksi yang paling tinggi dilarutkan dengan pelarut metahol, etil asetat dengan tingkat daya proteksi paling rendah n-hexan. Kata kunci: Nyamuk, Repelent, Daun Belimbing Wuluh
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.