Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are engineered nanobiosystems to mimic the physiochemical environment of a specific organ in the body. Among various components of OOC systems, biomimetic membranes have been regarded as one of the most important key components to develop controllable biomimetic bioanalysis systems. Here, we review the preparation and characterization of biomimetic membranes in comparison with the features of the extracellular matrix. After that, we review and discuss the latest applications of engineered biomimetic membranes to fabricate various organs on a chip, such as liver, kidney, intestine, lung, skin, heart, vasculature and blood vessels, brain, and multiorgans with perspectives for further biomedical applications.

Due to the increasing environmental pollutions and reducing fossil energy sources, using new energy in the world is of utmost importance including the solar and wind energy that used in the world. In this context and to identify areas with high potential for solar and wind plants in Semnan province, the average relative humidity data, the number of days with thunderstorms, number of days with dust, the number of cloudy days, horizontal visibility below 2,000 meters, sunshine hours and average wind speed in a 20-year period for five synoptic stations in the province was used. After the analysis made on the province's meteorological parameters, point data was changed into the zone by Arc GIS software.  To  achieve  this goal first  of  multiple regression methods  were  used  and  the  correlation  between  latitude  and  altitude  parameters obtained. Results showed that in most cases, the correlation coefficient was more than 0.9 and determination coefficient was more than 0.8 in most cases. Studies showed that lowland areas of the province have enormous potential and highlands has less potential for constructing solar and wind power plants.