Background & Objective: The potent antioxidant property of fullerene C60 nanoparticles and their derivatives has been demonstrated in a wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies. Hence, we examined the effects of fullerene C60 on the oxidative stress parameters in brain and liver of the rats in normal situation. Materials & Methods: The study was performed in two groups of Wistar rats (each group, n = 6); normal and fullerene-treated normal animals. Treated rats received fullerene via oral gavage at dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 60 days. At termination of the study, the oxidative stress parameters were determined in brain and liver tissues, including the contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The t-test was used to analyze the data between two groups. Results: Fullerene C60 treatment did not change blood glucose level in treated rats compared to untreated rats. Fullerene C60 significantly increased the value of CAT activity by 66% and MDA levels by 68%, while decreased SOD activity by 33% at liver of treated rats compared to untreated animals (P<0.05). Fullerene administration increased significantly only CAT activity of brain in the treated rats (0.34±0.10 U/mg protein) compared to untreated animals (0.12±0.03 U/mg protein), (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that oral administration of fullerene C60 nanoparticles differently changed the oxidative stress parameters in liver and brain in normal condition. It is suggested that these effects be considered for the application of these nanoparticles in various therapeutic purposes.
Objective Gonadotropins are generally used in animals and humans to stimulate ovulation and increase the number of available oocytes for techniques such as in vitro fertilization. Ovulation-inducing drugs are used to achieve multiple oocytes in one cycle, thereby increasing the chances of pregnancy in patients with infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gonadotropins on stimulation of ovulation and their inductive role on the growth and development of follicles in the ovary. Methods To determine the effect of human chronic gonadotrophin (HCG) and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) on ovary, this study used 20 rats that were randomly divided to experimental and control groups. Rats were subsequently euthanized 48 h after injection and the ovaries were fixed and stained with H&E. Data were analyzed with Tukey's multiple comparisons with one-way ANOVA test in GraphPad Prism software. Result Our analysis demonstrated that HCG and PMSG hormones will significantly increase the number of stimulated oocyte in the ovary but it does not have any significant role on the ovary weight and volume (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study's results confirmed the inductive role of PMSG and HCG hormones on folliculogenesis.
The present study aims to examine the anti-diabetic effects of fullerene C60 nanoparticle, as an anti-oxidant compound, on serum glucose level, body weight, food and water intake, and pancreatic oxidative stress in the rats with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intravenous injection of streptozotocine (45 mg/kg) into the tail vein of the rats. Four groups of rats were divided as follow: normal, normal treatment, diabetic, and diabetic treatment groups. Normal treatment and diabetic treatment groups received intra-orally fullerene (1 mg/ kg/daily) up to day 60 following streptozotocine injection. Oxidative stress markers in the pancreas were evaluated on day 60 after inducing diabetes mellitus. Injection of streptozotocine significantly increased serum glucose level as well as food and water intake on all experimental days; it decreased body weight on day 60. Streptozotocine increased MDA level and decreased GSH level and SOD activity in the pancreas. Fullerene significantly decreased food and water intake and increased body weight as compared with the diabetic group. Fullerene also could normalize the pancreatic MDA and GSH markers. The present study suggested that fullerene can decrease diabetic symptoms via its anti-oxidant activity in the pancreas in the rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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