Pseudomonas stutzeri is an aerobic, green fluorescent bacterium which secretes green pigment in aerobic condition. In this article the release of bluish-green, luminous, water-soluble stain by P. stutzeri was discussed in presence of Cu metal in relation with the survival of P.stutzeri in nutrient medium. The activity of Pseudomonas stutzeri was monitored in provisions of colors of pigment with varying concentrations of Cu metal in petri dish. Results showed a variation in colors of pigment with different concentration of Cu metal. It was light green with water while colourless at high concentration of metal and blue with the moderate concentration of Cu. It was observed that high concentration of Cu results in the death of all microorganisms may be due to the reaction of Cu with oxygen or Cu responsible to decrease the BOD which ultimately affects the biosynthesis of pigment. No color of Cu with any life of Pseudomonas stutzeri at high dose also indicates that the Cu adsorbed on dead mass of bacterial strain. Less microbial life at low and moderate concentration of Cu with blue color reflects that Cu may be bonded with the pigment. It was concluded that Cu 2+ was bactericidal to the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri in the micromolar range which inhibits the biosynthesis of pigment at high concentration and bacteria experience death. It was suggested that pigmentation property of Pseudomonas stutzeri can be used as a monitoring tool of contaminated soil by heavy metals.
Life cycle assessment was carried out for a conventional wooden furniture set produced in Mardan division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during 2018-19. Primary data regarding inputs and outputs were collected through questionnaire surveys from 100 conventional wooden furniture set manufacturers, 50 in district Mardan and 50 in district Swabi. In the present study, cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment approach was applied for a functional unit of one conventional wooden furniture set. Production weighted average data were modelled in the environmental impacts modelling software i.e., SimaPro v.8.5. The results showed that textile used in sofa set, wood preservative for polishing and preventing insects attack and petrol used in generator had the highest contribution to all the environmental impact categories evaluated. Total cumulative energy demand for wooden furniture set manufactured was 30,005 MJ with most of the energy acquired from non-renewable fossil fuel resources.
Fluoride, as the super reactive element fluorine, is found naturally throughout earth's crust. It has been identified as a strong, persistent powerful cumulative toxic agent, commonly distributed in the rivers, lakes, seas of earth. It is highly mobile and biologically active element in aquatic systems. Fish are considered as the excellent and valuable bioindicator of ecosystem pollution. The present study was designed to estimate acute fluoride toxicity on enzyme activity of liver of freshwater fish Tilapia mossambica. The major enzymes of Carbohydrate - Protein Metabolic pathways are Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) in association with carbohydrate, protein, lipid in the liver of Tilapia mossambica, from Kalri Lake (Keenjhar Lake), Sindh, Pakistan at low amount of fluoride (sub-lethal) was estimated by using UV- Visible Spectrophotometer. Results showed ALP, AST and ALT enzymes present in the liver tissue were significantly changed (p < 0.001). Finally, it is concluded that fluoride produces the adverse poisonous effect on liver functioning which may be associated with altered or elevated enzyme activity of protein-carbohydrate metabolism.
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