Background: Methanol is a toxic alcohol found in illegal liquor, and its poisoning may cause death if not treated timely and properly. In 2018, methanol toxicity in Iran increased dramatically. Regarding the high prevalence of methanol toxicity, its high mortality rate, and the cost of treatment as well as the importance of timely diagnosis in the treatment of this condition, we decided to review methanol toxicity, its signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.Evidence Acquisition: We searched for articles on reliable databases such as Embase and Medline from January 2018 to May 2018 using the following keywords: “methanol,” “toxic alcohol,” and “ethanol toxicity treatment.”Results: This review discusses how to diagnose methanol toxicity by using clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory examinations; it also suggests new treatments. Meanwhile, we provide alternatives for diagnosis in case of shortages of tests in the emergency department.Conclusion: Diagnosis of ethanol toxicity due to non-specific signs and symptoms, late patient’s referral, and lack of proper history-taking can be very difficult and delay the onset of treatment. There is also no clear scientific evidence as to whether ethanol or fomepizole should be used as the first choice of therapy for methanol toxicity because there is no direct comparison between these two antidotes regarding their effectiveness and safety. The appropriate antidote is chosen depending on the availability, cost, accessibility of hemodialysis, and the physician’s experience. If the therapist does not have enough experience, it is easier to use fomepizole.

Objective: Determination of victim’s clothes in gunshot wounds is important due to the necessity of immediate workup in the emergency room as well as the legal aspects of cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the importance of victim’s clothes in gunshot wounds referred to autopsy hall of legal medicine bureau of Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2017. Methods: In this analytical comparative study, 202 consecutive cadavers of gunshot victims, referred to Tehran Legal Medical Hall from 2014 to 2017, were enrolled and the effect of shotgun and gunshot wound were determined and compared. Data were collected using a researchermade questionnaire. The significance level of the tests was considered as P<0.05. Spearman correlation coefficient and chi-square tests were used accordingly. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: In this study, all women were killed by gunshot. Also, all of the 26 people who were killed by shotgun were men. The mean of age only in males was 39-48 years for shotgun, and 29-38 years in both genders for gunshot. Evaluation of their clothes in the emergency room and autopsy hall was helpful in 70% of cases in order to determine shot distance and type of gun (P=0.0001). Conversely, we did not observe a significant difference between sex (P=0.082) and the pattern of death (P=0.211). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it seems that some characteristics of victim’s clothes may be useful to differentiate shotgun and gunshot.

Background: Organophosphate compounds cause poisoning and death more than any other insecticide. These toxins can cause peripheral neuropathy which is delayed for about 3 -6 weeks and no method has been known for predicting the incidence. It has been claimed that electrophysiological tests (EMG -NCV) can help in predicting the disorder. Objectives: The main purpose of this research was to study EMG -NCV tests in patients with moderate to severe organophosphate poisoning. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on patients with moderate to severe organophosphate poisoning from 2014 to 2016 in Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad. The minimum sample size was calculated as 68 patients and then all data was collected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria using data collection form designed by the researcher, and finally data were analyzed using SPSS V.21 software, descriptive tests (including mean, median, mode) and analytical tests (K square, ANOVA).

Aim: Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death worldwide and is a major cause of hospitalization. The aim of this study was to determine variations in the coronary arteries for use in diagnosis and treatment. Material and Method: In this observational study, we evaluated the data on 1,001 cadavers referred to the Tehran Legal Medicine Organization during 2012. Baseline demographic and anatomical characteristics were collected, and data were analyzed. Results: A total of 1,001 cadavers (206 female and 795 male) aged 40-80 years (mean age = 51, median age = 49) were dissected in this study. All cadavers had two or more coronary artery branches, but the right branch had the most common anatomical dominance pattern; 877 (88%) were right dominant, 94 (9%) were left dominant, and 30 (0.3%) were codominant. The frequency of variations in male was greater than in female, and differences between male and female cadavers were significant for the number of right and left coronary artery branches. Discussion: We found that anatomical diversity of the coronary arteries is more prevalent than in other arteries, and the right coronary artery has the most common anatomical dominance pattern. Moreover, there were no apparent differences from other study findings worldwide.

Aluminum Phosphide (AIP) poisoning is one of the major causes of mortality among toxic substances. The symptoms and signs of toxicity are nonspecific and related to dose and route of exposure. A 20-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department due to the consumption of one AIP tablet. ECG was normal at 2 hours post-ingestion and echocardiography revealed LVEF of 55-60% at 4 hours post admission. ECG abnormalities in this patient included VT and VF on the second night. She experienced an unusual rhythm disturbance in term of LBBB and Brugada pattern besides low ejection fraction of left ventricue (about 20-25%) on the third day. The main emphasis for AIP poisoning cases is on a timely, precise and prompt symptomatic treatment.