✓ The insertion of sewing needles through the fontanels of an unwanted baby is apparently an ancient practice of which there are still instances. In this paper two such cases are described, one a man of 32 and the other a woman aged 31 with needles in a vertical position near the midline of the convexity of the brain. The first patient had had epileptic attacks for 8 years, and the other headache and hemiparesis for 7 months. Removal of the needles resulted in amelioration of the symptoms. The needles obviously had been introduced when the anterior fontanels were still open. The long interval before the onset of symptoms has been observed in the two other cases reported in the literature.
Objective: Determination of victim’s clothes in gunshot wounds is important due to the necessity of immediate workup in the emergency room as well as the legal aspects of cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the importance of victim’s clothes in gunshot wounds referred to autopsy hall of legal medicine bureau of Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2017. Methods: In this analytical comparative study, 202 consecutive cadavers of gunshot victims, referred to Tehran Legal Medical Hall from 2014 to 2017, were enrolled and the effect of shotgun and gunshot wound were determined and compared. Data were collected using a researchermade questionnaire. The significance level of the tests was considered as P<0.05. Spearman correlation coefficient and chi-square tests were used accordingly. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: In this study, all women were killed by gunshot. Also, all of the 26 people who were killed by shotgun were men. The mean of age only in males was 39-48 years for shotgun, and 29-38 years in both genders for gunshot. Evaluation of their clothes in the emergency room and autopsy hall was helpful in 70% of cases in order to determine shot distance and type of gun (P=0.0001). Conversely, we did not observe a significant difference between sex (P=0.082) and the pattern of death (P=0.211). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it seems that some characteristics of victim’s clothes may be useful to differentiate shotgun and gunshot.
Introduction: Septorhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic procedures in Iran. Intracranial complications such as meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, pneumocephalus, and damage to the skull's base are rare, but potential lifethreatening complications are associated with such procedures, though very few cases of intracranial complications after septorhinoplasty have been reported. Case Presentation: A 29-year-old woman was admitted to a limited surgery clinic in Tehran, Iran in 2015 for septorhinoplasty, and 4 days post-operation she complained of headache, drowsiness, and CSF rhinorrhea. The patient's surgical complications included a skull base fracture, pneumocephalus, and an epidural hematoma. Conclusions: Prevention of life-threatening complications following septorhinoplasty is important. Prevention, early detection, and appropriate treatment of intracranial complications will result in fewer catastrophic outcomes. To prevent damage to the skull base and other cerebral complications, it is necessary that surgeons use a suitable technique, understand appropriate anatomical information, maintain awareness of possible anatomic variations, and practice gentle manipulation of the ethmoid roof.
Background: IgA deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency, which is caused by a defect in IgA antibody production. Most of the patients are asymptomatic. However, patients can present various manifestations. This study was designed to assess the clinical and laboratory manifestations of symptomatic patients with IgA deficiency. Method: A group of 123 patients with IgA deficiency referred from all over the country to the national immunodeficiency registration center were entered and followed in this study. The data including demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings recorded at the registry and also the follow-up visits were extracted. Results: The mean age of studied patients was 17.1 years old. Regarding gender, 45 patients (36.5%) were female. The most common clinical presentations included upper respiratory tract infections in 22 (17.9%), enteropathy in 9 (7.9%), allergic rhinitis in 11 (8.9%), sepsis in 4 (3.3%) patients. Four cases of leukopenia with white blood cell (WBC) <4,000/μl and 21 cases of leukocytosis with WBC> 10,000/μl were observed based on the laboratory results. Moreover, IgG2 and IgG4 in 2 and 11 patients were less than normal rate for their age, respectively. Conclusion: Although IgA deficient patients are almost always asymptomatic, clinical manifestations such as recurrent sinopulmonary infections, multiple autoimmune diseases, allergic respiratory and skin disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and rarely severe life-threatening infections could occur.
Abstract. Keshavarzi D, Rassi Y, Azizi K, Oshaghi MA, Rafizadeh S, Alimohammadi AM, Namadi MS, Parkhideh SZ. 2020. Analysis of the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A forensically important fly. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 87-91. The development rate/time of flies is a scientific method to estimate the minimum time elapsed after death. Several studies have shown that opioids and temperature affect maggot growth rates. However, there are few published data that investigate the effect of ante-mortem methadone use on larval length of Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy). Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate/time of this species. During this study, four rabbits were administered 0.10, 0.50, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg of methadone via gavage over a period of 14 days, and a five rabbit, which did not receive methadone, was used as a control. The rabbits' tissues were separated and exposed to maggots for rearing. Minimum developmental times of C. vicina life stages at six constant temperature regimes were provided. From hours 48 to 96, larvae feeding on tissues containing 10 mg/kg methadone developed more rapidly than those feeding on tissues containing 0.1, 0.50, and 1 mg/kg and also from the control. In the present study, development rate of C. vicina was linearly related to temperature (R2 = 0.96, p =0.02) between 16 and 32°C. The results revealed that the differences observed in the rates of development were sufficient to alter postmortem interval estimates based on larval development by up to 24 h.
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