This paper proposes a novel protocol-agnostic approach to optimize the performance of routing protocols in ultradense networks through a careful selection of the forwarders in a multi-hop transmission. In an ultra-dense wireless network, nodes have hundreds of neighbours, and existing routing protocols which require neighbourhood information are unable to operate efficiently. Using our method, each node wanting to transmit first selects forwarders that fall in a ring near the border of the communication range of the transmitting node, which makes up a subset of all the node's neighbours. This significantly reduces the number of nodes contending for the wireless channel yet ensures that there are sufficient forwarders to deliver packets successfully. We validate our approach using two routing schemes, one flooding and one unicast, augmented with our forwarder selection method and applied to an electromagnetic nanonetwork scenario as a novel incarnation of ultra-dense networks. Simulations using an enhanced propagation model show that our forwarder selection method drastically reduces the number of forwarders while still allowing packets to reach the intended destinations.
Nanotechnology permits the manipulation of materials at nanoscale. Contrarily to traditional ad hoc wireless networks, electromagnetic nanonetworks are massively dense networks of highly-constrained nanodevices, connected by a ultra high-capacity terahertz channel (in the order of Tb/s). Like in traditional networks, congestion and collisions can appear in nanonetworks. However, they have a different meaning, and the parameters influencing them are also different. A parameter specific to nanonetworks is beta (β), which expresses the ratio of time between two consecutive bits and the bit length, and is sometimes called the symbol rate. No paper in the literature has evaluated this parameter, neither congestion and collisions in a dense network. Therefore, in this paper we study the influence of this parameter together with source packet rate to congestion and collisions in the context of a multi-flow nanonetwork. We conclude that lower source rates and lower β values result in less congestion and thus a good packet delivery to the destination.
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