Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected healthcare workers (HCW) in their clinical practice. HCW were challenged with new guidelines and practices to protect themselves from occupational risks. We wished to observe if hand hygiene behavior by real-time measurement was related to the dynamic of the epidemic, and the type of patient being cared for in France. Methods This study used an automated hand hygiene recording system to measure HCW hand hygiene on entry to and exit from patient rooms throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the correlation between hand hygiene compliance and COVID-19 epidemiological data. Analysis of variance was performed to compare compliance rate during the different periods of the epidemic. Findings HCW hand hygiene rate on room entry decreased over time; on room exit, it increased by 13.73% during the first wave of COVID-19, decreased by 9.87% during the post-lockdown period, then rebounded by 2.82% during the second wave of the epidemic. Hand hygiene during patient care and hand hygiene on room exit had a positive relationship with the local COVID-19 epidemic; conversely, hand hygiene on room entry did not depend on the trend of the epidemic, nor on nursing of COVID-19 patients, and it decreased over time. Conclusion HCW modified their behaviors to face the risk propensity of the pandemic. However, to improve the poor compliance at room entry, reducing confusion between the hand hygiene recommendation and glove recommendation may be necessary; disinfection of gloving hands might solve this issue.
Body temperature measurement Ingestible capsule sensor Skin sensor Peripheral temperature Febrile patient s u m m a r y Backgrounds: Reliable non-invasive methods for measuring body temperature are essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of infectious disease. Methods: This study used Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and the Bland-Altman plot to analyse the agreement between temperature measurements using an ingestible capsule sensor, a skin sensor and two non-invasive peripheral temperature measurements (axillary and infrared non-contact), collected from a population of febrile patient admitted for infectious disease. Results: Of the 77 febrile patients screened, 26 patients were enrolled. The ICC between axillary temperature measurements (Taxi) vs. non-contact measurements (Tno-c) were 0.34 [ −0.18; 0.63], 0.87 [0.55; 0.94] between Taxi vs. ingestible capsule measurements (Tcap) and 0.12 [ −0.09; 0.37] between Taxi vs. Tetac. The mean difference between Taxi vs Tno-c was −1.18 °C with limits of agreement (LoA) from −2.96 to 0.58 °C. The mean difference between Taxi vs Tcap was 0.48 °C, with LoA from −0.60 to 1.56 °C. The mean difference between Taxi vs Tetac was −4.23 °C with LoA from −7.22 to −1.23 °C.Conclusions: Ingestible capsule measurements are reliable enough to adequately estimate the core body temperature in clinical practice. Its non-invasiveness, and the real-time remote control offer new opportunities for future research into fever during infectious diseases. (C. Magnin), philippe.brouqui@univ-amu.fr (P. Brouqui).
At present, technology is almost inseparable from our daily lives. Currently, according to the online statistics portal, Statista, 5.28 billion people (67.95%) own a mobile device globally (Turner, 2018).Most paperwork is in the electronic form, particularly in the nursing and medical fields. Without this electronic paperwork, work seems complicated. A quick search in electronic database search engines reveals that the number of studies on technology in the medical field has increased exponentially. The demand for research in technology over the past decades has become more necessary, making the world more connected (Korhonen et al., 2015).Technology in health care has been used to assist daily clinical practice and clinical processes, such as electronic health records and health information technology. Recording mass data allows hospitals to develop efficient clinical workflows and facilitate decisionmaking processes to improve patient safety (DeMellow & Kim, 2018; eHealth, 2012;Yanamadala et al., 2016).In the field of infectious diseases, due to the increasing number of emerging diseases, innovative approaches are essential. In particular, during the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), some innovative technologies have gained attention. Using automatic monitoring and detection in disease outbreaks, such as mobile devices, cloud computing, the Internet of things (IoT) and geographic
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