Digital technologies are often described as posing unique challenges for public regulators worldwide. Their fast-pace and technical nature are viewed as being incompatible with the relatively slow and territorially bounded public regulatory processes. In this paper, we argue that not all digital technologies pose the same challenges for public regulators. We more precisely maintain that the digital technologies' label can be quite misleading as it actually represents a wide variety of technical artifacts. Based on two dimensions, the level of centralization and (im)material nature, we provide a typology of digital technologies that importantly highlights how different technical artifacts affect differently local, national, regional and global distributions of power. While some empower transnational businesses, others can notably reinforce states' power. By emphasizing this, our typology contributes to ongoing discussions about the global regulation of a digital economy and helps us identify the various challenges that it might present for public regulators globally. At the same time, it allows us to reinforce previous claims that these are importantly, not all new and that they often require us to solve traditional cooperation problems. Over the years, many have argued that digital technologies pose unique regulatory challenges for states (Fraundorfer, 2017; Herrera, 2002; Schwab, 2017). Their fundamental fastpace and transnational nature are broadly construed to be incompatible with the relatively slow and territorially bounded public regulatory processes. In addition, it is argued that the greater ability of private companies to conceal or move their activities in the digital realm means that
phosphors are synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction method in air. Their luminescence properties are researched, compared, and analyzed. CaZrO 3 :Bi 3+ phosphor under excitation at 310 nm emits deep-blue light with chromaticity coordinate (0.1612, 0.0254). CaZrO 3 :Eu 3+ phosphor under excitation at 310 and 395 nm shows red-emitting with chromaticity coordinate (0.6386, 0.3611). CaZrO 3 :Eu 3+ , Bi 3+ phosphor under excitation at 310 nm exhibits a systematically varied hue from deep-blue to red light by changing Eu 3+ ion concentration, and that with excitation at 395 nm only emits red light with chromaticity coordinate (0.6386, 0.3611). The energy transfer process from Bi 3+ to Eu 3+ ions may be indicated by their spectral properties. The optimal Eu 3+ and Bi 3+ ions concentrations are 5 mol% and 0.9 mol%, respectively. The emission intensity CaZrO 3 :Eu 3+ , Bi 3+ phosphor may be enhanced about 1.6 times due to the co-doping Li + ion as charge compensator role. The luminous mechanism of CaZrO 3 :Eu 3+ , Bi 3+ phosphor is explained by the simplified energy level diagrams of Bi 3+ and Eu 3+ ions.
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