This study analyzes national anti-Trafficking policies in international migration especially in guarding Indonesian women workers who are often victims, through a comprehensive analysis of external factors of international and regional commitments on the handling of Trafficking, as well as internal factors of national commitments contained in the PTPPO Law, which is associated with the conception of public policy implementation and the factors that influence it. Through this type of explanative research, this paper explains the causal relationship between phenomena that occur in the input, conversion and output of the anti Trafficking policy in Indonesia qualitatively. Using primary data from the substance of the PTPPO Law and secondary data from various books, journals and reports, this paper elaborates on four issues. Firstly, the government's efforts to change the mindset of women laborers as housemaids, servants and entertainers for lack of expertise; secondly, the weakness of international organizational commitment due to unclear rewards and sanctions for member countries and the closing of information member states on sovereignty issues; thirdly, weakness of regional organizational commitment through ASEAN Declaration due to low awareness of the state in view of the importance of co-management of border lines of member countries and the weak consolidation of the bordering state from institutions and communities in its border areas; fourth, the application of anti-Trafficking policy which is contained in the PTPPO Law is still faced with a number of obstacles from the aspect of resources, communication, disposition and environment in which the policy is implemented. The results of this study indicate that the success of the government's role in eradicating human Trafficking depends on the ability of the people, because human Trafficking is fundamentally influenced by the gender bias pattern that can not be separated from other dimensions related to age, economic, social, cultural and political disability that related to the process of industrialization and globalization. On the other hand, the role of government through law enforcement officers and related public officials requires better coordination, firmer and cleaner in the prevention and protection of Trafficking victims.
Rapid economic growth in Asia has helped reduce gender inequality in several countries, especially those in Southeast Asia. This has led, among many other things, to the fact that women have higher opportunities to become leaders. Yet, in Southeast Asia the biggest challenge that remains is the tendency of “untrained” women in public leadership. Then the birth of women needs to get strategic support from the current system of leadership culture, that good life for women is the main pillar of women’s leadership requirements. This paper discusses the opportunities present for preparing Southeast Asian women to become future leaders from a number of authentic leader characteristics that they have. By using the content analysis method, the preliminary findings of this study is the existence of better gender relations, accompanied by the resilience and pragmatism of today’s location communities, bringing Southeast Asian women to a promising future leadership role. A number of characteristics of authentic leaders that have become the basis of women’s identity are actually the main capital to be prepared further through a number of educational efforts, assistance and training in order to increase knowledge, insight, organizational skills and self- confidence. Next, women leaders must be made. Women’s willingness and ability to adapt and develop stronger skills in the areas of emotional intelligence, empowerment, and power of influence place them in a strong position to use these advantages to propel them forward in leadership roles. Southeast Asian countries, especially those with a low human development index, have to begin to open up the need for a state led by women leaders who have the potential to represent a number of authentic leadership criteria to respond to the crisis of public confidence in the country’s leadership.
Besides the allocation of various resources, the allocation of values to manage various interests through public policy is the background of the emergence of conflict. The high potential of conflict requires the presence of a policy maker who can be in a neutral position. But in the reality of organizational life, the resulting public policy often triggers conflict itself. The cause of conflict is the variation and conflict of values or interests held by each actor. In general, such conditions are further exacerbated by the way public policy is managed which tends to ignore values and value conflicts as well as elitist-technocratic managed policy processes that limit or minimize the space of reasoning between interest actors. This condition becomes an obstacle in policy succession as part of policy changes for organizational development. Then a leader of an organization must be able to identify the orientation dimensions of conflict handling and be aware of the right conditions or situations to do so because understanding and decision making regarding appropriate conflict handling steps will be able to bring the organization to the use of functional conflicts for organizational development.
The phenomenon of child labor in developing countries often have yet to be resolved, especially child labor in the informal sector. Children are the next generation of the nation, so that should get the fulfillment of their rights by the state and the family environment that feasible. Children have the right to acquire education, develop personality and potential, as well as protection from violence and discrimination. However, the strong patriarchal ideology, neoliberalism's influence and the discrimination against the child in the field of education, particularly for girls, as well as the still weak state policy in protecting child labor, making this problem up to now has not been able to solve. The problem of poverty is often understood as the basis of the causes of child labor issues. But a more serious cause is in fact concerns the responsibility of the country's top that does not satisfy the rights of the child, in particular in terms of education.
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