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We experimentally demonstrate high-speed visible light communication (VLC) and high-quality solid-state lighting (SSL) using polymethyl-methacrylate-doped phosphor film based on cesium lead bromide quantum dot ( CsPbB r 3 -QD) and potassium fluorosilicate K 2 Si F 6 : M n 4 + , which is excited by a blue gallium nitride laser diode. A 1.6 Gbps data rate is achieved by employing a non-return-to-zero on–off keying modulation scheme. The measured bit error rate of 2.7 × 10 − 3 adheres to the standard threshold ( 3.8 × 10 − 3 ) of forward error correction. Moreover, the generated white-light source has a high color rendering index of 93.8 and a correlated color temperature of 4435 K, and it exhibits a Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) 1931 chromaticity coordinate at (0.3556, 0.3520), which is close to the ideal CIE value of white light (0.3333, 0.3333). This work opens up exciting possibilities for future high-speed indoor VLC and high-quality SSL.

A shortest-path algorithm finds a path containing the minimal cost between two vertices in a graph. A plethora of shortest-path algorithms is studied in the literature that span across multiple disciplines. This paper presents a survey of shortest-path algorithms based on a taxonomy that is introduced in the paper. One dimension of this taxonomy is the various flavors of the shortest-path problem. There is no one general algorithm that is capable of solving all variants of the shortest-path problem due to the space and time complexities associated with each algorithm. Other important dimensions of the taxonomy include whether the shortest-path algorithm operates over a static or a dynamic graph, whether the shortest-path algorithm produces exact or approximate answers, and whether the objective of the shortest-path algorithm is to achieve time-dependence or is to only be goal directed. This survey studies and classifies shortest-path algorithms according to the proposed taxonomy. The survey also presents the challenges and proposed solutions associated with each category in the taxonomy.

In this article, an autonomous robotic fish is designed for underwater operations like object detection and tracking along with collision avoidance. The computer-aided design model for prototype robotic fish is designed using the Solid Works® software to export an stereolithography (STL) file to MakerBot, a 3D printer, to manufacture the parts of robotic fish using polylactic acid thermoplastic polymer. The precise maneuverability of the robotic fish is achieved by the propulsion of a caudal fin. The oscillation of the caudal fin is controlled by a servomotor. A combination of visual and ultrasonic sensors is used to track the position and distance of the desired object with respect to the fish and also to avoid the obstacles. The robotic fish has the ability to detect an object up to a distance of 90 cm at normal exposure conditions. A computational fluid dynamics analysis is conducted to analyze the fluid hydrodynamics (flow rate of water and pressure) around the hull of a robotic fish and the drag force acting on it. A series of experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the designed underwater robotic fish.

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This paper focuses on the development and visionbased object tracking control of a fish robot. Its efficiency towards target tracking is demonstrated in a water tank. Inspired by the maneuvering and stability of Tuna fish, the fish robot is designed by a single actuator located at the rare part of the fish body. The precise maneuverability characteristics of the fish robot is achieved by the motion of a caudal fin. A servomotor is involved to control the oscillation of the caudal fin. A vision-sensor is integrated into fish robot to gain information related to Cartesian coordinates of the targeted object by implementing a color-based filtering algorithm. An object tracking algorithm is designed which performs the decisionmaking task for the fish robot while identifying and following the targeted object. The locomotion of the fish robot in various directions is tested experimentally by achieving effective performance of the proposed targeted object following task.

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Adhesive capsulitis, “popularly is a condition with an unclear etiology known as Frozen Shoulder (FS)". This disorder limits the range of motion of the shoulder joint. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of movement with mobilization and muscle energy technique (METs) in reducing pain and improving functional status in patients with frozen shoulder Methods: Study was conducted at Department of Physiotherapy, Mayo Hospital Lahore after obtaining the consent from 36 patients. Patients were divided into Two groups. For two weeks, Group 1 received Movement with Mobilization Protest movements (MMM) while Group 2 received METs. The data was processed into SPSS and evaluated using the Independent Sample t test and Paired Sample t test. Results: The outcome assessment instruments, “goniometer for ROM” and “shoulder pain, and disability index,” revealed that “Motion by Mobility is more effective than Muscle Energy Technique in increasing ROM and operational condition” of the patient having frozen shoulder. Conclusions: There was a considerable improvement in pain and ROM from pre-treatment levels in both the study groups. Whereas “Movement with Mobilization is more effective than Muscle Energy Technique” in alleviating pain, enhancing range of motion, and enhancing functional capacity in “patients with shoulder pain.”