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Nanotechnology is a novel and promising technology that has been introduced into many fields, including medicine, agriculture, and the food industry. For the food industry, nanotechnology is of great interest as an emerging technology in the area of food processing, safety, and packaging. For example, nanotechnology can be used in food processing to enhance the overall quality of food including, taste, flavor, bioavailability, and can also help to extend product shelf life. With regard to food safety, nanotechnology is utilized to detect pathogens and toxins in food products and to strengthen barrier properties. Additionally, nanotechnology is widely used in food packaging as an antimicrobial and to produce intelligent packaging. However, nanoparticles may have a potential toxicity risk to human health. Therefore, establishing an adequate regulatory system to manage the potential risks associated with nanotechnology applications is recommended. This review covered nanotechnology in food safety and packaging, classifications, and safety concerns.

India is one of the largest producers of fruits and vegetables in the world. These are rich sources of bioactive compounds which provide health benefits and also possess antioxidant therapeutic value. A large portion of fruits and vegetables goes unutilized in the form of pulp and peels after the extraction of juice in food processing industries. This contains a large number of bioactive compounds. The compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carotenoids are ubiquitously present in fruits, vegetables and their by-products. These compounds have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antitumor and many more activities to a greater or lesser extent. This review focuses on the bioactive compounds present in fruits, vegetables and their by-products along with their classification and importance in day to day life. A further aim of this review is to discuss various techniques employed in the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant products. The antioxidant activity of various fruits and vegetables based on DPPH radical scavenging methods has also been reported in this work.