Peanut allergy has garnered significant attention because of the high sensitization rate, increase in allergy, and severity of the reaction. Sufficiently reliable therapies and efficient mitigating techniques to combat peanut allergy are still lacking. Current management relies on avoiding peanuts and nuts and seeds with homologous proteins, although adverse events mostly occur with accidental ingestion. There is a need for hypoallergenic peanut products to protect sensitized individuals and perhaps serve as immunotherapeutic products. Alongside traditional practices of thermal and chemical treatment, novel processing approaches such as high‐pressure processing, pulsed ultraviolet light, high‐intensity ultrasound, irradiation, and pulsed electric field have been performed toward reducing the immunoreactivity of peanut. Covalent and noncovalent chemical modifications to proteins also have the tendency to alter peanut allergenicity. Enzymatic hydrolysis seems to be the most advantageous technique in diminishing the allergenic potential of peanut. Furthermore, the combined processing approach (hurdle technologies) such as enzymatic hydrolysis followed by, or in conjunction with, roasting, high pressure and heat, ultrasound with enzymatic treatment, or germination have shown a significant reduction of peanut immunoreactivity and may emerge as useful techniques in reducing the allergenicity of peanut and other foods. This study represents our current knowledge about the alterations in allergenic properties of peanut via different processing mechanisms as well as evaluating its future potential, geographical based data on increasing sensitization, clinical relevance, eliciting dose, and current management of peanut allergy. Furthermore, the molecular characteristics and clinical relevance of peanut allergens have been discussed.

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SUMMARY: Peony seed oils (PSOs) were prepared using supercritical CO 2 (SC) and compared with soxhlet extraction (SE) and mechanical screw press extraction (SPE) methods. The fatty acid compositions of the oils were determined, and the physicochemical properties of the oils, including free radical-scavenging activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, thermal and rheological properties were evaluated. The unsaturated fatty acids in the SE oils were higher than SC and SPE oils due to the higher percentage of olefinic, allylic methylene and allylic methine protons in the SE oils. The SPE oils also displayed the highest DPPH and ABTS + radical scavenging activity at the tested concentrations. However, the SE oils showed stronger inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes under in vitro conditions when compared with the other oil samples. The three oils had similar melting and crystalline point due to similar contents of fatty acids (FAs). The SC oils had a lower E a than the others. KEYWORDS:Anti-α-amylase activity; Anti-α-glucosidase activity; Peony seed oil; Radical scavenging activity; Rheological properties RESUMEN: Efectos de la tecnología de procesos sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite de peonía. Se prepararon aceites de semillas de peonia (PSOs) utilizando CO 2 supercrítico (SC) y se compararon con los métodos de extracción en soxhlet (SE) y de extracción mecánica de tornillos (SPE). Se determinaron las composiciones en ácidos grasos y se evaluaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los aceites incluyendo la actividad de eliminación de radicales libres, la inhibición de α-amilasa y α-glucosidasa, las propiedades térmicas y reológicas. Los ácidos grasos insaturados en los aceites SE fueron más altos que los aceites SC y SPE debido al mayor porcentaje de protones olefínicos, metileno alílico y metino alílico en los aceites SE. Los aceites SPE también mostraron una actividad de eliminación de radicales DPPH y ABTS+ más alta a las concentraciones ensayadas. Sin embargo, los aceites SE mostraron efectos inhibidores más fuertes sobre las enzimas α-amilasa y α-glucosidasa bajo condiciones in vitro cuando se compararon con las otras muestras de aceite. Los aceites tenían puntos de fusión y cristalinos similares debido a un contenido similar de ácidos grasos (FAs). Los aceites SC tenían un E a más bajo que los demás.

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