The main objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of yogurt supplementation on fat deposition, oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of rats with high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Male Wistar rats were used in this study and were separated into the following four different groups: the control, control + yogurt, high fat and high fat+ yogurt groups. The high fat groups received a HF diet for eight weeks. A 5% yogurt (w/w) supplement was also provided to rats fed the HF diet. Yogurt supplementation prevented glucose intolerance and normalized liver-specific enzyme activities in the HF diet-fed rats. Yogurt supplementation also significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers in the plasma and liver of HF diet-fed rats. Moreover, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and fibrosis in the liver of HF diet-fed rats were also prevented by yogurt supplementation. Furthermore, yogurt supplementation normalized the intestinal lining and brush border in HF diet-fed rats. This study suggests that yogurt supplementation potentially represents an alternative therapy for the prevention of metabolic syndrome in HF diet-fed rats.
Diabetes is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, and the high prevalence of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity in diabetic patients makes them further susceptible to SNS-mediated oxidative stress and accelerated kidney damage. Here, we investigated if canagliflozin can reverse isoprenaline (ISO)-induced renal oxidative damage in rats, a model that mimics SNS overstimulationinduced organ injuries in humans. We found that ISO administration elevates renal oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO), while depleting levels of endogenous antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Strikingly, canagliflozin treatment of ISO-treated rats not only prevents elevation of oxidative stress markers but also rescues levels of depleted antioxidants. Our results also show that canagliflozin stimulates antioxidant/antiinflammatory signaling pathways involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt and eNOS, and inhibits iNOS and NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4), all of which are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Further, canagliflozin prevents ISO-induced apoptosis of kidney cells by inhibiting Bax protein upregulation and caspase-3 activation. Histological examination of kidney sections reveal that canagliflozin attenuates ISO-mediated increases in inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and fibrosis. Finally, consistent with these findings, canagliflozin treatment improves kidney function in ISO-treated rats, suggesting that the antioxidant effects may be clinically translatable. Diabetic kidney disease is a major risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease affecting approximately 40% of global diabetic population 1. Diabetic kidney disease is associated with vascular inflammation, loss of renal vascular integrity and hypertension, leading to a progressive loss of renovascular function and renal failure 1. Importantly, there is a high prevalence of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity in diabetic patients associated with autonomic neuropathy and concomitant vagal impairment, making diabetic patients twice as likely to develop hypertension 2. Diabetic patients are also highly susceptible to chronic kidney disease due to renal oxidative damage and inflammation 2. High SNS drive stimulates β1 adrenergic receptors (β1-AR) in juxtaglomerular cells, increasing renin secretion and subsequent activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). RAAS creates a feed-forward mechanism that accelerates renovascular dysfunction and kidney
There are few studies that look at the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in elderly patients with a comorbid meningioma or other intracranial tumour, with the dilemma being whether or not to do ECT. This case notes article examines the ECT management of an elderly lady with severe depression, coexisting Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and an incidental finding of a frontal meningioma. The authors detail the multidisciplinary approach necessary for managing a patient with coincident psychiatric, cardiac and neurological diagnoses and the implications for practice.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.