A wafer map depicts the location of each die on the wafer and indicates whether it is a Product, Secondary Silicon, or Reject. Detecting defects in Wafer Maps is crucial in order to ensure the integrity of the chips processed in the wafer, as any defect can cause anomalies thus decreasing the overall yield. With the current advances in anomaly detection using various Computer Vision Techniques, Transformer Architecture based Vision models are a prime candidate for identifying wafer defects. In this paper, the performance of Four such Transformer based models -BEiT (BERT Pre-Training of Image Transformers), FNet (Fourier Network), ViT (Vision Transformer) and Swin Transformer (Shifted Window based Transformer) in wafer map defect classification are discussed. Each of these models were individually trained, tested and evaluated with the "MixedWM38" dataset obtained from the online platform, Kaggle. During evaluation, it has been observed that the overall accuracy of the Swin Transformer Network algorithm is the highest, at 97.47%, followed closely by Vision Transformer at 96.77%. The average Recall of Swin Transformer is also 97.54%, which indicates an extremely low encounter of false negatives (24600 ppm) in contrast to true positives, making it less likely to expose defective products in the market.
Artificial intelligence is a spectacular part of computer engineering that has earned a compelling diversion in the field of medical data classification due to its state-of-art algorithmic strength and learning capabilities. Machine Learning is a major sub-domain of artificial intelligence, where it has become one of most promising fields in computer science. In recent years, there is a large spectrum of healthcare and biomedical data has been growing intensely. Due to the huge labeled or unlabeled data, it is important to have a compact and robust machine learning solution for classification. Several optimizers have been deployed to improve the inclusive performance of machine learning models. The classification of machine learning models depend on several factors. This comprehensive review paper aims to insight the current stage of optimized machine learning success on medical data classification. Increasing number of unstructured medical data has been utilizing in machine learning algorithms to predict intuitions. But it is difficult to inherent immense intuition from those data. So machine learning researchers have utilized stateof-art optimizers and novel feature selection techniques to overcome and emend the performance accuracy. We have highlighted some recent literatures, which exhibits the robust impact of optimizers and feature selection on machine learning techniques on medical data characterization. On the other hand, a cleancut introduction on machine learning and theoretical outlook of widely utilized optimization techniques like genetic algorithm, gray wolf optimization, and particle swarm optimization are discussed for initial understanding to the optimization techniques.
The formation of the armed forces in modern States intended to protect and defend the sovereignty of the State and the Nation State. But in reality, there are some inherent in expanding the role of the armed forces. The research method using normative juridical approach with The data collection methods focus on literature study materials secondary law. The results obtained are 1) The nature of national security are all efforts quickly, gradual and integrated by empowering all national forces to create security and stability through a system of national security, national security objectives, aims to create a safe condition of the nation and the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia physically and psychic each individual citizen, the people, the government and the State, in order to protect national interests, and delivery functions of national security is to: Establish, maintain, and develop a system of national security as a comprehensive, integrated, focused and realize all areasof national jurisdiction as a unified national security. 2) Politics of law contained in the preparation of a draft law of national security The main objective is to realize a safe condition of the nation and the State unitary Republic of Indonesia physically and psychologically every individual citizen, the people, the government and the State, in order to protect national interests.
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