Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma, together with a host of rare tumours. NMSC is the commonest malignancy among Caucasians and its incidence continues to rise annually. Exposure to UV radiation initiates approximately 90% of NMSC, causing malignant transformation of keratinocytes and suppression of the inflammatory response. Risk factors include sun exposure and immunosuppression. There are several subtypes of BCC, although histological overlap is common. Surgery has traditionally been regarded as the 'gold-standard' treatment, offering excellent cure rates and cosmetic results. Other treatment modalities include physical destruction (radiotherapy, curettage and cautery, and cryotherapy), chemical destruction (photodynamic therapy and topical 5-flurouracil) and immunomodulatory therapy (topical imiquimod). The recent development of novel hedgehog pathway inhibitors for high-risk BCC (including oral vismodegib and sonidegib) may represent a paradigm shift towards medical management of NMSC.

Keloid scars are common and have a predilection for young, ethnic skin often with a family history. Keloids can be painful and pruritic and cause significant emotional distress when particularly visible or prominent. In this article, we review the evidence underlying the use of laser- and energy-based devices for treatment of keloid scars, either as monotherapy or in conjunction with other therapies such as corticosteroids, surgery and silicone gel in the treatment of keloid scars.

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Cybercrime and information security are always parallel to each other's. Computer fraudsters are always trying to gain unauthorized access to the information of financial and business sectors for fraudulent activities. The customers of online banking always fear for their financial data when dealing with online banking and its services. It is certainly affecting the use of online banking services and its customer's behavior. There is a need to create awareness among online banking customer on how to avoid the available threats. The research in this paper critically analyzes and discusses the effects of cyber threats when dealing with online banking services. It is concluded that by the research that there is a need to increase customer's awareness about available cybercrimes when dealing with online banking and sensitive financial data.

While the use of isotretinoin has revolutionized the treatment of acne vulgaris, isotretinoin is increasingly recognized as a useful therapeutic option for many other cutaneous conditions. We review the evidence underlying the use of isotretinoin for a variety of dermatological indications including hidradenitis suppurativa, sebaceous gland pathology, rosacea, scarring alopecia, cosmetic dermatology, and non-melanoma skin cancer prophylaxis amongst other uses, and thus consider alternative uses within dermatology practice. The studies found benefit of isotretinoin, however most trials lacked statistical power and in many cases the use was limited to case series. Isotretinoin, if used within the correct cohort with appropriate pretreatment counseling regarding side-effects, is a well-tolerated medication with potential as either an adjunctive treatment or a second-line agent in those recalcitrant cases unresponsive to first-line therapy.

Summary In this work, cerium was doped in various concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 7.0 at. % by means of a facile hydrothermal synthesis route with an intention to improve the capacitive properties of Co3O4. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and HRTEM were employed to study the structural characteristics, morphology, elemental constitution and d‐spacing of the synthesized material. The capacitive characteristics were analyzed through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Materials characterizations revealed the formation of pristine and Ce‐doped Co3O4 nanoflakes, and their average size was in the range of 45 to 55 nm and possessing excellent elemental purity. The CV test showed that 5.0 at. % Ce‐doped Co3O4 nanoflakes deliver outstanding specific capacitance, that is, 1309.6 F/g and excellent cyclic stability of 90.86% after 2000 CV cycles at a scan rate 5 mV/s. The GCD test at 1‐10 A/g showed excellent rate capability, that is, 82.87% at high current density of 10 A/g. The EIS test revealed excellent electrical conductivity of the material. Experimental results suggest that Ce‐doped Co3O4 has an outstanding potential for use in energy storage devices.

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Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is renowned for its inhibitory effects on the neuromuscular junction. The evidence for its use in cosmetic dermatology and in non-dermatological indications is well established. We have systemically analysed the evidence for the non-cosmetic dermatological uses of BoNT. This review presents the many small studies showing promising results for the use of BoNT in a multitude of dermatological diseases, including (but not limited to) hyperhidrosis, Darier's disease, Hailey-Hailey disease, pompholyx and hidradenitis suppurativa. There is, however, the need for larger, double-blinded randomized control trials against established treatments to cement the evidence base underlying the use of BoNT in dermatology.