Microwave hyperthermia is a treatment modality that uses microwaves to destroy cancer cells by increasing their temperature to 41-45°C. This study aims to design, modeling, and simulation of a microwave sleeve antenna for hepatic (liver) hyperthermia.
Method: The designed antenna resonated at 2.45 GHz. The antenna was tested in six different 3D liver models: Model A: without a tumor and blood vessels; Model B: with a realistic tumor (2×3 cm) and without blood vessels; Model C: created by adding blood vessels to model B; Model D: created by adding a small tumor (1.5×1.5 cm) to model C and changed its location; Model E: same as model C with a different tumor size; Model F: model with a simple spherical tumor (1.5×1.5 cm).
Results:The return loss of the antenna varied from -45 dB to -25 dB for the 6 models. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was between 29 W/kg to 30W/kg in the tumors and below 24 W/Kg in the surrounding tissues. The tumors' temperature elevated to 43-45°C, while the temperature of the surrounding tissues was below 41°C.
Conclusions:The results showed the capability of the designed antenna to raise the temperature of hepatic tumors to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia.
PurposeMicrowave hyperthermia is a treatment modality that uses microwaves to destroy cancer cells by increasing their temperature to 41- 45°C. This study aims to design, modeling, and simulation of a microwave sleeve antenna for hepatic (liver) hyperthermia. MethodThe designed antenna resonated at 2.45 GHz. The antenna was tested in six different 3D liver models: Model A: without a tumor and blood vessels; Model B: with a realistic tumor (2x3 cm) and without blood vessels; Model C: created by adding blood vessels to model B; Model D: created by adding a small tumor (1.5x1.5 cm) to model C and changed its location; Model E: same as model C with a different tumor size; Model F: model with a simple spherical tumor (1.5x1.5 cm).ResultsThe return loss of the antenna varied from -45 dB to -25 dB for the 6 models. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was between 29 W/kg to 30W/kg in the tumors and below 24 W/Kg in the surrounding tissues. The tumors’ temperature elevated to 43- 45°C, while the temperature of the surrounding tissues was below 41°C.ConclusionsThe results showed the capability of the designed antenna to raise the temperature of hepatic tumors to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia.
Background: Liver tumor, also known as hepatic tumor is one of the most common cancers with 80% of cases occurs in developing countries. Microwave hyperthermia is one of the promising treatment modalities that use microwaves to destroy the cancer cells by rising their temperature to 41- 45°C. This temperature elevation is achieved by using an applicator such as antennas. This study aims to design a microwave sleeve antenna capable of heating hepatic tumors (with different sizes and locations) to the therapeutic range of temperature for hyperthermia. Method: The sleeve antenna was designed to be resonate at 2.45 GHz and tested in a free space. Then; the antenna was tested in 6 different 3D liver models: Model A: without a tumor or blood vessels, Model B: with a tumor (2B3cm) and without blood vessels, Model C: created by adding blood vessels to model B, then a small tumor (1.5a1.5cm) was created and its location (Model D) and size (Model E) were changed. Finally, a model with a spherical tumor of 1.5 cm diameter (Model F) was tested. Results: The return loss (S-parameters) of the antenna was varied from -45 dB to -25 dB in the different liver models. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reached 30W/kg in the tumor and less than 24 W/kg in the surrounding tissues, while the tumor temperature elevated to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia in the all models and the surrounding tissues remain at a safe temperature range. Conclusions: The obtained results showed the capability of the designed antenna to raise the temperature of hepatic tumors to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia.
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