This study seeks to analyze English language teaching and learning in the informal context of education in Iran from the perspective of the theory of "World Englishes". The qualitative data consisted of a total of 182-minute recording of 25 subjects' interviews and observation of seven 100-minute classes. The results revealed that most Iranian teachers' and learners' viewpoints are in contrast with the key concepts and tenets of the theory of "World Englishes" and that their teaching and learning practices are far from adherence to this theory. These findings further supported the claim that Iran's ELT still lives in the modernist era by believing in a world English rather than world Englishes and in the importance of conforming to it
PurposeOne of the largest floods in Iran happened in Nowruz in 2019, during which torrents of rain, flooding of rivers, landslides and the destruction of dams caused floods and led to financial losses and loss of life in 25 provinces of Iran. During and after the flood, 39 public libraries were closed, three libraries were evacuated and one was completely destroyed.Design/methodology/approachDespite the damage that occurred in the libraries, the preventive measures had been taken by many of them to reduce the whole damage. In addition, after the flood, responsible organizations including Iran Public Libraries Institution, the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults and the Cultural and Art Organization of Municipality and the Mosques and Cultural Center, as well as other relief and social teams, and even people performed activities to reduce the negative impacts caused by the flood.FindingsThis article reviews these activities and their effectiveness. In the end, “the development of a plan for public libraries in natural and social crises” is proposed and the reasons for its necessity are discussed.Originality/valueThis article reviews these activities and their effectiveness. In the end, “the development of a plan for public libraries in natural and social crises” is proposed and the reasons for its necessity are discussed.
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