Aim: Root caries is a common, debilitating condition particularly in the elderly population, which can lead to tooth loss. Evidence shows that green tea has cariostatic effects. Considering the gap of information on green tea varnish, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of green tea varnish in the prevention of root caries. Materials and methods:This in vitro experimental study was performed on 42 sound premolars. Two layers of acid-resistant nail varnish were applied on root surfaces except for a window of 1 × 4 mm. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 14). Group I (control) received no intervention. Group II received green tea varnish applied on the roots every 48 hours for 21 days. Group III received green tea varnish every 24 hours for 21 days. Sections of 40 µ thickness were prepared from the center of the window, and the depth of carious lesion was measured in three points with 500 µ distance from each other using polarized light microscope. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results:The mean (and standard deviation) depth of carious lesion was 54.30 ± 28.64 (µm), 0, and 0 in groups I, II, and III respectively. Control group showed the highest depth of caries. Groups II and III were not significantly different in this respect, but significant differences were noted in depth of caries between groups I and II and also groups I and III (p < 0.001). Clinical significance: Application of green tea varnish can prevent root caries. Conclusion
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of date pits (DP) to reduce the deleterious effects of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) in broiler chicks. A total of 216 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were distributed randomly for nine treatments (with four replicates and six birds in each) for 35 days. The experiment included a 3×3 factorial arrangement of treatments involving three levels of DP (0, 2 and 4%) and three levels of AFB1 (0, 150 and 300 ppb) based on a completely randomized design. There was a significant reduction of feed intake with treatment of 300 ppb during fourth and fifth weeks. DP levels were effective in diminishing the adverse effect caused by aflatoxin on feed intake of broilers (P< 0.05). However, 4% date pits had better effect. Mean body weights were not affected weekly, but the main effect of aflatoxin was significantly (P< 0.05) low by feeding 300 ppb aflatoxin in fourth and fifth weeks. Treatments with DP levels did not show any significant change with control group in case of feed conversion ratio; however the main effect of aflatoxin diets containing 300 ppb showed significant reduction in feed conversion ratio only in fourth week (P<0.05). Carcass weight decreased significantly in the main levels of AFB 1 while the relative weight of the liver, intestine, gizzard and thigh increased significantly (P≥0.05). Other carcass parts were not affected. It is suggested that DP might be used for reducing the adverse effects of aflatoxin in the broiler diets.
Background: Teeth bruxism and clenching are important parafunctional habits that have a high prevalence and can cause serious physical and mental complications. Its etiology, however, remains a challenging issue. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occlusal parameters and bruxism in 3-to 6-year-old children. Methods: This study was conducted in a 3-to 6-year-old preschool children in Hamadan selected by random sampling. To do this, a questionnaire containing 6 standard and comprehensive questions was completed by parents. According to the data from the questionnaires, the children were divided into bruxers and nonbruxers (control). In the intra-oral clinical examination, the presence of facet, cross bite in the anterior or posterior, excessive overjet, open bite, deep bite and the type of dental occlusion on both sides were recorded. The statistical tests used were Spearman correlation coefficient and chisquared test in SPSS 23. Results: The findings showed that the prevalence of bruxism was 72% in the studied population. The most observable occlusions were flash terminal and mesial step on both sides. There was no significant relationship between bruxism and dental facet and the correlation of age and sex with bruxism was weak. There was no statistically significant relationship between the occlusal parameters, except for overbite, and bruxism. Conclusions: The results showed that among occlusal factors, only normal overbite and openbite were significantly associated with bruxism.
A non-common case of unilateral fusion between the left upper central tooth and the supernumerary deciduous tooth, which also has an extra maxillary impacted tooth, was reported in the present study. The patient was a 9-year-old Iranian boy. The left lateral maxillary tooth was found during the oral examination. In the radiographic presentations, the fused teeth showed separate roots, pulpal chambers, and separate root canals. Delayed eruption of the first and second maxillary permanent incisors was experienced due to the presence of an extra impacted tooth. In the management of this condition, both the deciduous fused teeth and extra impacted teeth were removed, and an appointment was scheduled for three months to check for spontaneous tooth eruption.
Background: Among facial bones in children, mandible bone has the highest fracture rate, 8.4% of which is related to Symphysis fractures. Case Presentation: A 3.5-year-old girl with complaints about the mobility of the mandibular left primary central incisor without a history of recent dental trauma and caries referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Hamadan University. After radiographic evaluation, occlusal displacement of lower left permanent central incisor tooth germ and root resorption of lower left primary central incisor were seen. Conclusions: This case report implies that because of the close proximity of the root of the primary tooth to its developing permanent successor, jaw fracture and especially mandibular fracture combined with dental injuries (e.g., intrusion, avulsion, and extrusive luxation) can cause damages and significant displacement in permanent successor tooth germs.
Introduction: The study aimed to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of a six years old boy with severe pre-eruptive caries with preservation of pulp vitality after surgical exposure in the permanent mandibular molar. Pre-eruptive intra coronal caries are often an accidental lesion as a radiolucent finding in the coronal dentin of a tooth which did not erupted into the oral space (1). However, treatment modality is still not reported systematically (2). Case Presentation: The preventive approach effectively preserved the tooth vitality with no symptoms, while normal root development is processing during follow-up sessions. Conclusions: Accurate radiographic examination in visit and follow up sessions is fundamental for proper detection and intervention in pre-eruptive caries lesions.
Background: This study compared the amount of residual cement at the margin of implant-supported crowns cemented using the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape, replica technique, and conventional cementation technique. Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, a mandibular model underwent full-arch scanning. The right first molar tooth was eliminated on the scan using Exocad software, and a regular implant analog was modelled using the Exocad model creator. The designed abutment was then printed. The implant analog was fixed in place with acrylic resin and scanned using a scan body. A full-zirconia custom abutment was then designed by Exocad. Abutments were fabricated using zirconia and sintered. Twenty-seven resin crowns were fabricated for the abutments, and their fit was assessed. Nine crowns were conventionally cemented by filling half of the crown space with cement, 9 crowns were cemented using PTFE tape, and the remaining 9 were first placed on a resin replica and then cemented on the abutments. The residual cement was weighed using a digital scale, and the groups were compared by one-way ANOVA and LSD test (α=0.05). Results: The amount of residual cement was significantly different among the three groups, indicating that the amount of residual cement was the highest in conventional cementation, and the lowest in the replica group (P < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between all groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The replica technique followed by the PTFE tape resulted in the minimum amount of residual cement at the margin of implant-supported cement-retained crowns and are preferred for use in the clinical setting.
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