Stanozolol is an anabolic-androgenic steroid which is commonly abused by athletes for improved energy, appearance, and physical size. It has been previously shown to cause changes in behaviour and has various physical effects. Studies have previously been conducted on its neurotoxic effect on the central nervous system (CNS), which are typically psychological in nature. This study was performed to investigate the apoptotic effect of stanozolol on different parts of the rat hippocampus. Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group received subcutaneous injections of stanozolol (5mg/kg/day) for consecutive 28 days, whereas the control group received saline using the same dosing schedule and administration route. After routine procedures, coronal sections of rat brain were stained with Toluidine blue and TUNEL for pre-apoptotic and apoptotic cell detection, respectively. In order to compare groups, the mean number of TUNEL-positive and pre-apoptotic neurons per unit area were calculated and analysed. Histopathological examination revealed that the mean number of pre-apoptotic and apoptotic neurons in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG areas of the hippocampus were significantly increased in the stanozolol treated group. In conclusion, stanozolol abuse may induce pre-apoptotic and apoptotic cell formation in different regions of the hippocampus.
Background Using chemical agents in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 may have some limitations due to frequent side effects. Some novel and natural agents may be promising alternatives in this case. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral Japanese sake yeast supplement, as a novel agent, on biochemical antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods After inducing diabetes (55 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin), 120 male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and each group received 0 (control), 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg of sake yeast or was considered a nondiabetic control. Then, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, glutathione, total antioxidant status, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin were evaluated and compared to baseline measures. Results The results showed that oral administration of sake yeast at different concentrations reduced levels of malondialdehyde, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides and increased levels of insulin, glutathione, and total antioxidants ( P <0.05). The best responses were observed in the nondiabetic control group. Conclusion Sake yeast supplement may be useful as a novel agent in the treatment of diabetes.
Neuropathic arthropathy (NA) is a progressive degenerative and destructive joint disease associated with underlying chronic neurologic deficit. A 34-year-old woman was referred to our tumor clinic with swelling and destruction of her left elbow joint. Except for a 5-year history of multiple sclerosis (MS), she had no other underlying diseases. Suspected of tumor involvement, she had been undergone an open biopsy. The pathologic report was fibromatosis, which was not compatible with imaging studies and clinical presentations. Second surgical inspection and cellular study didn’t prove tumoral involvement. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) showed multiple hyper signal plaques in her cervical spine. MRI findings, clinical features, surgical observations, and disproportionate painless elbow destruction all confirmed the MS NA diagnosis.
Background and purpose: Natural agents have been used for protection against damages. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementing of resveratrol on antioxidant status improvement in hypercholestrolemic rats with Plasmodium berghei. Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups including rats fed with basal diet (Control group), basal diet containing resveratrol 2.5 mg/kg (2.5 RES), basal diet containing 5.0 mg/kg of resveratrol (5.0 RES), basal diet containing 1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid (Control HC), basal diet containing 2.5 mg/kg of resveratrol and 1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid (2.5 RES-HC), basal diet containing resveratrol 5.0 mg/kg and 1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid (5.0 RES-HC). The plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), paraoxonase-1 and sulfiredoxin-1 were assessed. Results: The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and malondialdehyde were significantly higher and level of HDL was significantly lower in hypercholesterolemic rats, but dietary supplementation with resveratrol significantly improved them (P<0.05). Hypercholesterolemic rats showed a decrease in GPx and GR and an increase in paraoxonase-1 and sulfiredoxin-1 compared to the healthy control (P<0.05), but applying resveratrol improved the adverse effects of hypercholesterolemia on mentioned parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion: Resveratrol can be used for treatment of patients with hypercholesterolemia.
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