Introduction:Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that has a wide range of bioactivities including anti-cancer. This polysaccharide commonly is extracted from marine brown seaweed. There is lack of information on the fucoidan extracted from tropical brown algae and its anti-cancer activity. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to purify fucoidan from Sargassum sp., Turbinaria sp. and Padina sp., and to evaluate their cytotoxicity against breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer cells (WiDr). Materials and Methods: Fucoidan extraction was conducted by using acid extraction method. Purified fucoidans were obtained by DEAE cellulose column chromatography and confirmed by HPLC and FT-IR spectrometry. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. and Turbinaria sp. showed low cytotoxicity with IC 50 ranging between 461-663 µg/mL. Higher cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and WiDr was showed by fucoidan from Padina sp. with IC 50 of 144 and 118 µg/mL, respectively. While its IC 50 against Vero cells was 501 µg/mL.Standard fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus exhibited IC 50 of 60, 63 and 211 µg/mL against MCF-7, WiDr and Vero Cells, respectively. Although the IC 50 was higher than that of standard fucoidan, Padina sp. fucoidan showed cytotoxicity comparable with standard fucoidan at concentrations below 100 µg/mL. Conclusion: These results indicated that Padina sp.fucoidan showed potential selective cytotoxicity, and promising for the development of an anti-cancer compound.
Abstract. Lutfia FN, Isnansetyo A, Susudarti RA, Nursid M. 2020. Chemical composition diversity of fucoidans isolated from three tropical brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) species. Biodiversitas 21: 3170-3177. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide with high sulfate content, found in the cell walls matrix of brown seaweed. Its bioactivities vary depending on the algae species and the chemical structure. The aims of this research were to extract, purify, and characterize fucoidan from three Indonesian brown seaweed, Sargassum sp., Turbinaria sp., and Padina sp. The extraction was carried out using acid method followed by precipitation with ethanol and CaCl2, while its purification using DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. Characterization was performed by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic analyses. Chemical components of fucoidan determined were total carbohydrates, sulfate residue, uronic acid residue, and monosaccharide components. The results revealed that the Turbinaria sp. produced highest yield of fucoidan (4.8% dry matter), followed by Sargassum sp. (2.7% dry matter) and Padina sp. (2.6% dry matter). The carbohydrate contents of Sargassum sp., Turbinaria sp. and Padina sp. fucoidan were 64.55±0.12%, 67.42 ± 0.03% and 62.90 ± 0.04% with sulfate residues of 0.013% ± 4.71; 19.47±0.002% and 0.016%±8.81; and uronic acid residues of 25.19±0.03%; 12.69±0.03% and 12.91±0.01%, respectively. Sargassum sp., Turbinaria sp., and Padina sp. fucoidans consist of fucose and some other minor monosaccharides.
In this research, Moringa oleifera seeds extract has been shown the ability as a coagulation agent. The molecules that act as the coagulation agents were the proteins which were obtained by the extraction process of the Moringa seeds using NaCl solution. The aim of this research was to characterize and test the effectiveness of the Moringa seeds extract as a phosphate coagulant. The determination of the coagulation process was carried out using a Jar Test method of phosphate solution samples, and then effectiveness the samples were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectroscopy after-treatment of the coagulant dose variations, depositional time, and the pH variations of the samples. The characterization of the extract functional groups was determined using an FTIR spectroscopy. The results of the coagulation phosphate sample examinations showed that the optimum dose of the coagulant was 80 mL/L, with a decrease in the initial phosphate concentration of 17 ppm to 13.58 ppm. The reduction effect of precipitation time and pH also was obtained in this research. The optimum precipitation time and pH were in 30 minutes and pH 8, which reduced the phosphate concentration to 11.697 and 9.6 ppm, respectively. The FTIR spectra of Moringa oleifera seeds extracts before and after interacting with phosphate showed their differences. The interactions between the extract and phosphate were demonstrated by the appearance of buckling vibrations at wavenumbers 1064.2 cm-1, 799.8 cm-1, and 668.8 cm-1. The results of this study indicated that the Moringa seeds extraction with NaCl has potential as a phosphate coagulation agent.
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