In this article, the copper and lead adsorption process using Indonesian Natural Zeolite (INZ) is studied as an adsorbent. INZ samples were obtained from Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang district, East Java. The influence of activating acid concentration and different types of acid on the removal of copper and lead were evaluated. The activated INZ was used for adsorption of Cu and Pb from chemistry laboratory wastewater of State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. INZ were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Characterization using XRD indicated that the activation does not affect structural changes and the diffraction pattern showed that INZ had a mordenite phase. The XRF spectra showed that increasing concentration of the activating acid simultaneously reduces undesired metal content in INZ. Determination of Cu and Pb content using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy on wastewater showed that increasing concentration of the activating acid decreases the concentration of Cu and Pb in wastewater. The removal of Cu and Pb using INZ activated by HCl reached 61.56 % and 71 % respectively, while the removal of Cu and Pb using INZ activated by H2SO4 reached 32.86 % and 73.14 % respectively.
In this research, Moringa oleifera seeds extract has been shown the ability as a coagulation agent. The molecules that act as the coagulation agents were the proteins which were obtained by the extraction process of the Moringa seeds using NaCl solution. The aim of this research was to characterize and test the effectiveness of the Moringa seeds extract as a phosphate coagulant. The determination of the coagulation process was carried out using a Jar Test method of phosphate solution samples, and then effectiveness the samples were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectroscopy after-treatment of the coagulant dose variations, depositional time, and the pH variations of the samples. The characterization of the extract functional groups was determined using an FTIR spectroscopy. The results of the coagulation phosphate sample examinations showed that the optimum dose of the coagulant was 80 mL/L, with a decrease in the initial phosphate concentration of 17 ppm to 13.58 ppm. The reduction effect of precipitation time and pH also was obtained in this research. The optimum precipitation time and pH were in 30 minutes and pH 8, which reduced the phosphate concentration to 11.697 and 9.6 ppm, respectively. The FTIR spectra of Moringa oleifera seeds extracts before and after interacting with phosphate showed their differences. The interactions between the extract and phosphate were demonstrated by the appearance of buckling vibrations at wavenumbers 1064.2 cm-1, 799.8 cm-1, and 668.8 cm-1. The results of this study indicated that the Moringa seeds extraction with NaCl has potential as a phosphate coagulation agent.
A composite SrTiO3/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by sonication methods. The heterojunction material SrTiO3/TiO2 was synthesized using an ultrasonic cleaning bath for 4 hours, by mixing SrTiO3 and TiO2 with variations in the comparison of mol 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6. Characterization using XRD shows heterojunction material consisting of SrTiO3 and TiO2 anatase without any impurities, with the morphological surface observed using SEM indicating the agglomerated small particles. The bandgap of heterojunction material with a variation in mol SrTiO3: TiO2 of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6 are 3.11; 3.09; 3.07; and 3.07 eV respectively. The all of bandgap is lower than the SrTiO3 and TiO2 bandgap, i.e. 3.2 eV.
Penelitian tentang pemanfaatan tempurung tempurung kawista (Limonia acidissima) telah dilakukan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan briket arang. Variabel jenis perekat alami berupa gel yang terbuat dari tepung beras, tepung ketan, dan tepung tapioka. Selanjutnya jenis perekat alami terbaik ditentukan, yang mampu menghasilkan nilai kalor tertinggi dan kualitas briket tempurung kawista sesuai dengan SNI. Metode perlakuan terhadap tempurung kawista meliputi aktivasi NaOH 0,1 M, karbonisasi, pencetakan dan pengepresan. Karakterisasi briket arang dilakukan melalui uji mutu SNI, termasuk penentuan nilai kalor tertinggi, serta identifikasi gugus fungsi sampel kulit, arang kulit, dan briket arang menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan aktivasi meningkatkan kualitas briket arang. Penggunaan semua jenis perekat dengan perbandingan massa arang : perekat sebesar 9 : 1, menghasilkan briket arang yang memenuhi kualitas SNI. Nilai kalor tertinggi sebesar 6905 kal/g terdapat pada sampel briket arang tempurung kawista teraktivasi dengan jenis perekat alami gel tepung beras. Melalui penentuan mutu briket arang terbaik sesuai standar SNI, diperoleh nilai kadar air 3,733%, kadar zat menguap 8,014%, kadar abu 2,373%, dan kadar C terikat 85,88%. Secara garis besar, keseluruhan gugus fungsi yang teridentifikasi hampir sama yaitu meliputi gugus O–H pada 3500-3400 cm-1, C=C pada 1650-1600 cm-1, C–H pada 1384-1383 cm-1, dan C–OH pada daerah 1047-1034 cm-1. Perbedaan yang nampak adalah briket arang yang teraktivasi memiliki intensitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan briket tanpa aktivasi
Bi4Ti3O12 dan SrTiO3 merupakan material semikonduktor yang berpeluang untuk digunakan sebagai fotokatalis. Namun, kedua material tersebut memiliki kekurangan karena hanya mampu bekerja pada daerah sinar UV dan memiliki laju rekombinasi yang cepat. Pembuatan material heterojunction merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat fotokatalitik komposit Bi4Ti3O12/SrTiO3 yang disintesis dengan metode sonikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bi4Ti3O12/SrTiO3 berhasil disintesis tanpa adanya pengotor. Mikrograf SEM menunjukkan bahwa Bi4Ti3O12 berbentuk plate-like sedangkan SrTiO3 berbentuk irregular spheres. Data UV-Vis DRS menunjukkan bahwa nilai energi celah pita Bi4Ti3O12/SrTiO3 dengan perbandingan mol (1/1), (1/2), (1/4), dan (1/6) berturut-turut adalah 3,178; 3,70; 3,137, dan 3,160 eV.
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