Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of wobbling endemic disease in Iraq, that cause intracellular obligate protistan parasite returned to the genus Leishmania. This study is aimed to identify epidemiology of CL, detect the prevalence of Leishmania tropica and find the phylogenetic relationship. Methodology: The current study was conducted in the main hospitals of Thi-Qar province-south of Iraq for period from November 2018 to October 2019. Nested-PCR was used to amplify kinetoplast minicircle fragments DNA. Results: It was recorded 247 clinical cases with CL, the infections of males were higher than females, while infection rate appeared gradual reduction with age progress. Furthermore, the most CL infections were as single lesions and occurred in December. The infections of upper limbs were high when compared with other body regions. The molecular diagnosis showed L. tropica was more frequently. DNA sequences of kDNA gene of L. tropica showed confirmative genetic detection of local isolates using NCBI-Blast data and phylogenetic tree analysis after comparison with global recorded isolates. The local L. tropica isolates showed genetically closed related to NCBI-Blast L. tropica with accession number AB678350.1. Generally, the analysis of kDNA nitrogen bases sequences showed that all of samples were consistent with those recorded at the NCBI. Conclusion: The kDNA minicircle sequences analysis results showed mismatching of the local isolates decrease whenever approached from the Iranian border. In addition, genetic heterogeneity diagnosis is important for detection of therapy, control and epidemiological studies.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread health problem and considered one of the endemic diseases in Iraq. The dermal lesion occurs due to an obligate intracellular Leishmania parasite, which transmits by the bite of the infected female sandfly. This study aims to identify Leishmania species in Thi-Qar province/South of Iraq and detect IL-17 level in serum of infected patients with L. tropica. The study was conducted in three local locations, Al-Hussein Teaching, Al-Suq Al-Shyokh General, and Al-Shatrah General Hospitals in the province for the period from the beginning of November 2018 to the end of October 2019. After clinical diagnosis, eighty out of two hundred forty-seven samples were selected for molecular examination by nested-PCR technique, where the lesion edge was injected by normal saline and pulled again to obtain the parasite DNA. Also, a measure of the IL-17 concentration level in serum of the patients with ELISA. The findings of the electrophoresis of the kinetoplast minicircle DNA gene showed that 65 samples were positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis, and observed two species of Leishmania spp. in the study area, 46 (57.5%) samples were L. tropica at 750 bp and 19 (23.75%) samples were L. major. Serum IL-17 concentration recorded a significant increase among patients infected with L. tropica at different infection stages than control samples. Generally, the Nested-PCR technique is an accurate method for diagnosing clinical samples and molecular determination of Leishmania parasites. L. tropica is the dominant specie that caused CL in Thi-Qar province, while L. major recorded a low incidence.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of endemic diseases in Iraq. It is considered as widely health problem and is an uncontrolled disease. The aim of the study is to identify of Leishmania species that cause skin lesions among patients in Thi-Qar Province, South of Iraq, also to detect some virulence factors of L. tropica. This study includes three local locations, Al-Hussein Teaching, Suq Al-Shyokh General and Al-Shatrah General Hospitals in Province for the period from the beginning of December 2018 to the end of September 2019. The samples were collected from 80 patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis, both genders, different ages, various residence places and single and multiple lesions. Nested-PCR technique was used to amplify kinetoplast minicircle fragments DNA (kDNA). Conventional-PCR was performed for determination of some virulence factors (LPG1, GP63, CPA and PPG1 genes). The electrophoresis findings of kDNA gene showed two species of the parasite found in the study area, 65 samples were positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis, L. tropica at 750bp and L. major at 560bp. Generally, L. tropica (57.5%) was the most common specie and L. major (23.75%) appeared in a low level. There are no significant differences between the infections of males and females, while there are significant differences at the comparison between age groups. All virulence genes (LPG1, GP63, CPA and PPG1) appeared in all L. tropica isolates with high percentage (100%). L. tropica is the major specie which that caused CL in Thi-Qar province, while L. major appeared in low incidence. The virulence genes, which were reviewed, are necessary and important in pathogenesis of L. tropica.
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