Death is closely related to late diagnosis in WT. Oncologic services should also be concerned about morbidity caused by therapeutic options in cases of late diagnosis, and the consequences for quality of life.
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship of the tumor volume after preoperative chemotherapy
(TVAPQ) and before preoperative chemotherapy (TVBPQ) with overall survival at two
and at five years, and lifetime. METHODS: Our sample consisted of consecutive patients evaluated in the period from 1989 to
2009 in an Onco-Hematology Service. Clinical, histological and volumetric data
were collected from the medical records. For analysis, chi-square, Kaplan-Meier,
log-rank and Cox regression tests were used. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 32 patients, 53.1% were male with a median age at
diagnosis of 43 months. There was a significant association between TVAPQ>500mL
and the difference between the TVBPQ and TVAPQ (p=0.015) and
histologic types of risk (p=0.008). It was also verified an
association between the difference between the TVBPQ and TVAPQ and the predominant
stromal tumor (p=0.037). When assessing the TVAPQ of all
patients, without a cutoff, there was an association of the variable with lifetime
(p=0.013), i.e., for each increase of 10mL in TVAPQ there was
an average increase of 2% in the risk of death. CONCLUSIONS: Although our results indicate that the TVAPQ could be considered alone as a
predictor of poor prognosis regardless of the cutoff suggested in the literature,
more studies are needed to replace the histology and staging by tumor size as best
prognostic variable.
Phototherapy in neonates for treatment of pathological jaundice is an effective therapeutic tool that is widely used in neonatal units. Over the past years, a greater concern has emerged about the effects on the immune and inflammatory system and its potential genotoxic and side effects, especially the late ones, possibly associated with childhood diseases, showing that this treatment is not as harmless as previously believed. Numerous studies assessing these possible adverse effects of phototherapy on neonates have been published over the past years. Through this review, we seek to analyze what we know about the side effects of phototherapy in the neonatal period. The main causes of jaundice, phototherapy techniques, acute and late side effects, and effects on the immune and inflammatory system were reviewed. It was concluded that phototherapy is not a treatment free of side effects and further studies need to be conducted to elucidate its harmful effects on neonates.
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