Invasion of the caudal vena cava, particularly tumor thrombus extension beyond the hepatic hilus, was associated with a higher postoperative mortality rate, but did not affect long-term prognosis in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy because of an adrenal gland tumor.

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The novelty of this paper is the use of an efficient beam theory for bending, free vibration and buckling analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) beams on two-parameter elastic foundation. The present theory accounts for both shear deformation and thickness stretching effects by a parabolic variation of all displacements across the thickness, and satisfies the stress-free boundary conditions on the upper and lower surfaces of the beam without requiring any shear correction factor. Due to porosities, possibly occurring inside FGMs during fabrication, it is therefore necessary to consider the vibration, bending and buckling behaviors of beams having porosities in this work. The equation of motion for FGM beams is obtained through Hamilton's principle. The closed form solutions are obtained by using Navier technique, and then fundamental frequencies are found by solving the results of eigenvalue problems. The validity of the present theory is investigated by comparing some of the present in literature. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the bending, free vibration and buckling behaviors of FGM sandwich beams.

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Objective: To describe a new technique to control intraoperative hemorrhage during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and report subsequent short-term and longterm complications.Study Design: Retrospective case series.Animals: Nine dogs with arterial hemorrhage during TPLO.Methods: Medical records of dogs with hemorrhage controlled through the osteotomy gap of a TPLO were reviewed at 2 institutions over 8 years. Inclusion criteria included diagnosis of single cranial cruciate ligament rupture, intraoperative arterial hemorrhage during the radial osteotomy controlled with bipolar electrocautery or hemostatic clips placed along the cranial tibial artery through the osteotomy, complete medical records, radiographic follow-up for at least 8 weeks postoperatively, and completion of long-term follow-up questionnaire by the owner.Results: Dogs were 4.6 6 1.8 years old and weighed 36.6 6 9.7 kg. In total, 3 6 1 hemostatic clips were placed per stifle. Intraoperative hemostasis was achieved in all cases. One of the first dogs received a blood transfusion during the procedure and had a postoperative packed cell volume of 37%. The only complication consisted of fibular fracture, which was noticed on radiographs of 1 dog 8 weeks after TPLO. Conclusion:Arterial hemorrhage during the radial osteotomy of a TPLO can be controlled by occlusion of the compromised artery through distraction of the osteotomy gap. This technique was not associated with long-term complications.

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