Monotonic aspects of the mechanical behaviour of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration and its potential use for road construction

Procedural uncertainties of Proctor compaction tests applied on MSWI bottom ash

“…Hand-sorted particles of slag and domestic glass were also separately tested in order to ascertain the role of the major bottom ash constituents in the overall fragmentation resistance, obtaining mass losses of 39% for slag and 42% for glass. The fact that all the aforementioned values are in good agreement with the findings of other authors [1,4,10,19,20] points to an inherent feature of bottom ash.…”

“…14-15% (typically around 5-8% for natural aggregates [22]). Optimum moisture contents are also in line with those reported by other authors [1,[18][19][20]25]. The fact that Proctor curves show a well-defined maximum suggests that maximum dry densities are markedly sensitive to water content.…”

“…Los Angeles values regarding good quality aggregates used as road material would generally fall within the 10-30% range for basaltic, granitic and limestone aggregates [21,22] while MSWI bottom ash losses are substantially higher, generally ranging from 38 to 48% [1,4,10,19,20]. The particle strength of a given aggregate is basically governed by 2 parameters, namely (i) petrology and (ii) particle morphology.…”

“…It is for this reason that accurate testing is a key issue in assuring bearing capacities under the traffic loads. [18][19][20]24] but are substantially lower than most natural aggregates (typically >2.2-2.40 Mg/m 3 [22]). This should not be attributed to poor compaction but it is rather linked to the lower particle density of bottom ash [2].…”

Physical and mechanical properties of mortars containing PET and PC waste aggregates

“…The two main potential fields in which recycled waste materials have been successfully used are the transportation and construction industries. Special applications which do not require high strength concrete can be found in the transportation industry (Kamali et al, 2008;Becquart et al, 2009).…”