O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender as propriedades farmacológicas da AZT e analisar possíveis motivos de sua utilização no tratamento do COVID-19 isoladamente ou associado com cloroquina (CQ) ou com hidroxicloroquina (HCQ). Para isso foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) e ScienceDirect. No estudo foi reunido dados sobre a farmacologia da Azitromicina (AZT), seu histórico, seus usos, destacando as pesquisas realizadas em 2020 com essa droga para o tratamento da COVID-19. Cabe salientar que a AZT é um antibiótico da subclasse dos macrolídeos com variado emprego farmacoterapêutico, especialmente no tratamento de infecções bacterianas, respiratórias, geniturinárias e entéricas. Durante a pandemia pelo SARS-COV-2, a AZT associada à HCQ foram cogitadas para o tratamento da doença devido aos seus resultados in vitro. Houve muito debate quanto ao uso da combinação dessas drogas e antes mesmo dos resultados dos estudos clínicos serem publicados o Ministério da Saúde já fez recomendações quanto ao uso desses fármacos para tratar a COVID-19. Organizações de saúde nacionais e internacionais foram mais cautelosas e ressaltaram a falta de evidências científicas para esse uso. As informações colhidas nesta revisão da literatura, sugerem que a administração de AZT ou AZT associada com HCQ ou CQ não se mostrou eficaz no tratamento de pacientes COVID-19 tanto para caso leves como para casos moderados ou graves.
This article aims to understand the pharmacological properties of AZT and analyze possible reasons for its use in the treatment of COVID-19 alone or associated with chloroquine (CQ) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). For this, a bibliographical research was carried out in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and ScienceDirect. In the study, data on the pharmacology of Azithromycin (AZT) were collected, its history, its uses, highlighting the research conducted in 2020 with this drug for the treatment of COVID-19. It should be noted that AZT is an antibiotic of the macrolide subclass with varied pharmacotherapeutic use, especially in the treatment of bacterial, respiratory, genitourinary and enteric infections. During the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, HCQ-associated AZT was considered for the treatment of the disease due to its in vitro results. There was much debate about the use of the combination of these drugs and even before the results of clinical studies were published, the Ministry of Health has already made recommendations regarding the use of these drugs to treat COVID-19. National and international health organizations were more cautious and highlighted the lack of scientific evidence for this use. The information collected in this review of the literature suggests that the administration of AZT or AZT associated with HCQ or CQ was not effective in the treatment of COVID-19 patients for both mild and moderate or severe cases.
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