This study analyzed the newly formed bone tissue after application of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and P-1 (extracted from Hevea brasiliensis) proteins, 2 weeks after the creation of a critical bone defect in male Wistar rats treated or not with a low-intensity laser (GaAlAs 780 nm, 60 mW of power, and energy density dose of 30 J/cm(2)). The animals were divided into two major groups: (1) bone defect plus low-intensity laser treatment and (2) bone defect without laser irradiation. The following subgroups were also analyzed: (a) 5 μg of pure rhBMP-2; (b) 5 μg of pure P-1 fraction; (c) 5 μg of rhBMP-2/monoolein gel; (d) 5 μg of P-1 fraction/monoolein gel; (e) pure monoolein gel. Comparisons of the groups receiving laser treatment with those that did not receive laser irradiation show differences in the areas of new bone tissue. The group treated with 5 μg of rhBMP-2 and laser irradiation was not significantly different (P >0.05) than the nonirradiated group that received the same treatment. The irradiated, rhBMP-2/monoolein gel treatment group showed a lower area of bone formation than the nonirradiated, rhBMP-2/gel monoolein treatment group (P < 0.001). The area of new bone tissue in the other nonirradiated and irradiated groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the group that received the 5 μg of rhBMP-2 application showed the greatest bone formation. We conclude that the laser treatment did not interfere with the area of new bone tissue growth and that the greatest stimulus for bone formation involved application of the rhBMP-2 protein.
There was no association between the absence of TOAE and the newborn's HIV exposure during gestation.
the oral language and phonological processing of children diagnosed with undernutrition at early age using as standard of comparison the children's performance in the same range age. Methods:Children presenting undernutrition at early age (diagnosed before reaching 3 years of age) with nutritional recovery were enrolled in this study and assessed for receptive and emissive language, phonology, vocabulary, phonological awareness, visuospatial and phonological working memories. Data obtained from these children were correlated with results collected from eutrophic children in the same range of age without undernutrition condition which were randomly divided in 2 groups (G1-children without language deficit and G2 -children with language deficit) and submitted to the same tests. Data obtained from each group were averaged and compared using t-student and Kruskal-Wallis. Possible association between different language components was assessed by Fisher's Exact tests. Results:In the children diagnosed with udernutrition, the infant with the highest level of disease (detected with the lower age and with the high long duration) shows significant language deficit and lower performance in all of the applied tests when compared with G1 and G2. This result suggests that age and duration and type of undernutrition may be determinant on the effects of language and phonological awareness. No significant differences were found between groups concerning phonological awareness. No association was found between language deficit and changes in phonology or vocabulary. Conclusions: Data obtained from this study suggest that children diagnosed with undernutrion during the critical period of brain development may present relevant and long-lasting cognitive alterations, even after nutritional recovering. In addition, data suggest that low performance may compromise working memories phonological and visuospatial.
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