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ObjectiveTo describe the use of three-dimensional prototyping or rapid prototyping in acrylic resin to create synthetic three-dimensional models in order to promote the understanding of bone deformities of the shoulder.MethodsFive patients were analyzed between ages of 11 and 73 years old, treated between 2008 and 2013 with glenohumeral deformities that required a more thorough review of the anatomical alterations, for whom three-dimensional prototyping was performed.ResultsPatient 1 was treated conservatively and is awaiting humeral head arthroplasty if symptoms get worse. Patient 2 underwent a valgus proximal humerus osteotomy secured with pediatric locked hip plate according to a prior assessment with prototyping. Patient 3 underwent a disinsertion of the rotator cuff, tubercleplasty and posterior reinsertion of the rotator cuff. Patient 4 underwent an arthroscopic step-off resection, 360-degree capsulotomy, and tenolysis of the subscapularis. Patient 5 underwent a reverse shoulder arthroplasty with an L-shaped bone graft on the posterior glenoid.ConclusionsRapid prototyping in acrylic resin allows a better preoperative planning in treatment of bone deformities in the shoulder, minimizing the risk of intraoperative complications in an attempt to improve the results.

Palavras-chave► luxação do ombro ► articulação do ombro/lesões ► instabilidade articular ► cavidade glenoide ► transplante ósseo ResumoObjetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as dimensões do processo coracoide em nossas cirurgias de Latarjet e compará-las com os resultados descritos na literatura. Além disso, a viabilidade da regra dos 7 milímetros foi verificada. Métodos Indivíduos com instabilidade glenoumeral anterior com ou sem erosão óssea participaram deste estudo. As dimensões de 31 enxertos de processo coracoide de pacientes operados pela técnica de Latarjet foram mensuradas com um paquímetro analógico e registradas para análise posterior. Resultados As dimensões do processo coracoide não demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significativa de acordo com o sexo. A largura do enxerto obtida em nossa amostra apresentou semelhança com as dimensões descritas na literatura. No entanto, o comprimento e a espessura foram um pouco menores quando comparados com o estudo de referência (Young et al, 2013). 15 A regra dos 7 milímetros foi considerada viável com as dimensões do enxerto obtidas em nossa amostra. Conclusão As dimensões do enxerto do coracoide foram similares às descritas na literatura em relação à largura, mas o mesmo não foi encontrado quanto ao comprimento e espessura; e a regra dos 7 milímetros demonstrou viabilidade com as dimensões do enxerto obtidas em nossa amostra. AbstractObjectives The aim of the present study was to describe the dimensions of the coracoid grafts in our Latarjet surgeries and compare them with the results described in the literature. In addition, the feasibility of the 7-millimeter rule was verified.

Introduction: Low levels of activation of the serratus anterior (SA) and lower trapezius (LT) muscles are associated with kinematics dysfunctions of the scapular belt, for which the focus of functional recovery is neuromuscular reeducation. Hence, the proposed exercises should keep muscular activation at levels between 20% and 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction. Objectives: To compare the activation of SA and LT muscles in different exercises by using surface electromyography. Methods: Five exercises (modified crucifix, scaption, modified military press, pull over and low row) were executed by ten healthy subjects. Results: The highest SA activation was found during scaption, and the adequate activation occurred in the modified military press. The highest LT activation was found during scaption and low row exercises. Conclusions: The exercises that kept the recommended range of activation for neuromuscular reeducation were the military press, for the SA muscle, and the low row and scaption, for the LT muscle.

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