BackgroundScience studies have been a field of research for different knowledge areas, and they have been successfully used to analyse the construction of scientific knowledge, practice and dissemination. In this study, we aimed to verify how the Zika epidemic has moulded the scientific articles published worldwide by analysing international collaborations and the knowledge landscape through time, as well as research topics and country involvement. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Oliveira JFd, Pescarini JM, Rodrigues MdS, Almeida BdA, Henriques CMP, Gouveia FC, et al. (2020) The global scientific research response to the public health emergency of Zika virus infection. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0229790. https://doi.

Data has become increasingly important and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies are being developed by governments and private companies to enable the tracking of the public’s symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, initiatives designed to support infection surveillance and monitoring are essential and necessary. Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions abound regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or posterior use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control SARS-COV2, as well as in future public health emergencies.

Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the COVID-19 global pandemicResumo Dados ganham cada vez mais importância e valor na busca de respostas para enfrentar a COVID-19 tanto para a ciência quanto para as autoridades sanitárias. Em virtude da dificuldade de realizar diagnóstico da infecção na população em geral, iniciativas apoiadas em tecnologias digitais vêm sendo desenvolvidas por governos ou empresas privadas para possibilitar rastreamentos de sintomas, contatos e deslocamentos de modo a apoiar estratégias de acompanhamento e avaliação na vigilância de contágios. A despeito da importância e necessidade dessas iniciativas, questionamentos acerca da quantidade e tipos de dados pessoais coletados, processados, compartilhados e utilizados em nome da saúde pública, bem como os concomitantes ou posteriores usos desses dados, suscitam questionamentos éticos, legais e técnicos. Desafios que apontam para a necessidade de novos modelos de governança de dados e de tecnologias, responsáveis e transparentes, para controlar o Sars-Cov2 e as futuras emergências de saúde pública. Palavras-chave Dados pessoais,

ObjectiveTo map and investigate the relationships established on the web between leading health-research institutions around the world.MethodsSample selection was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centres (CCs). Data on the 768 active CCs in 89 countries were retrieved from the WHO's database. The final sample consisted of 190 institutions devoted to health sciences in 42 countries. Data on each institution's website were retrieved using webometric techniques (interlinking), and an asymmetric matrix was generated for social network analysis.FindingsThe results showed that American and European institutions, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), are the most highly connected on the web and have a higher capacity to attract hyperlinks. The Karolinska Institute (KI-SE) in Sweden is well placed as an articulation point between several integrants of the network and the component's core but lacks general recognition on the web by hyperlinks. Regarding the north-south divide, Mexico and Brazil appear to be key southern players on the web. The results showed that the hyperlinks exchanged between northern and southern countries present an abysmal gap: 99.49% of the hyperlinks provided by the North are directed toward the North itself, in contrast to 0.51% that are directed toward the South. Regarding the South, its institutions are more connected to its northern partners, with 98.46% of its hyperlinks directed toward the North, and mainly toward the United States, compared with 1.54% toward southern neighbors.ConclusionIt is advisable to strengthen integration policies on the web and to increase web networking through hyperlink exchange. In this way, the web could actually reflect international cooperation in health and help to legitimize and enhance the visibility of the many existing south-south collaboration networks.

Resumo Métricas baseadas em citações têm sido historicamente utilizadas para avaliação da produção científica. Entretanto, diante da revolução da Web 2.0 surge uma Cientometria 2.0, que busca celeridade na percepção do impacto das publicações científicas, bem como de campos emergentes e estratégicos. Neste contexto se inserem os estudos com métricas alternativas (altmétricas) que tem o potencial de aprimorar o entendimento das dinâmicas de citação, levando em consideração o contexto e o papel das diferentes publicações na academia. Neste artigo apresentamos uma discussão sobre o campo da "altmetria" propondo sua definição como uso de dados webométricos e cibermétricos em estudos cientométricos.Palavras-chave Altmetria, Cibermetria, Webometria, Cientometria, Bibliometria. Altmetrics: scientific production metrics beyond citationsAbstract Citations based metrics have historically been used to evaluate scientific production. However, before the revolution of Web 2.0 arises Scientometrics 2.0, which seeks to expedite the perception of the impact of scientific publications, as well as strategic and emerging fields. In this context fall within studies with alternative metrics (altmetrics) that has the potential to enhance the understanding of the citation dynamics, taking into account the context and the scholarly role of different publications. This article presents a discussion on the field of "altmetrics" proposing its definition as webometrics and cybermetrics data usage in scientometric studies.