Objetivo: Apresentar, descrever e discutir os achados da literatura referentes ao tratamento da síndrome compartimental. Método: Os dados foram coletados mediante revisão da literatura utilizando os descritores: síndrome compartimental, tratamento da síndrome compartimental; e como base em artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library (Scielo), Lilacs, MedLine e Pubmed. Como critérios de inclusão foram estabelecidos artigos originais e de revisão publicados na íntegra na forma on-line nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês no período de 2014 a 2019, utilizando os descritores supracitados nos respectivos idiomas. Incluindo-se também artigos fora do período supracitado desde que considerados extremamente relevantes. Como critérios de exclusão utilizou-se artigos publicados fora do período estabelecido, artigos que não tratavam diretamente da síndrome compartimental e que foram considerados com informações repetitivas.  Resultados: Foram coletados 80 artigos científicos, nos quais 40 trabalhos dentro dos critérios de inclusão. Conclusões: A fasciotomia persiste como o método mais efetivo para o tratamento da síndrome compartimental, porém mais pesquisas devem ser desenvolvidas na busca por prover novos meios de reduzir os efeitos adversos da SC.

distances greater than 200 Km were associated to longer hospitalization period; distances greater than 300 Km were associated to increased limb amputation probability; severe vascular trauma have an increased death probability when patients need to travel more than 200 Km for surgical treatment.

Introduction: Vascular injuries are among the main mechanisms of death in trauma. In Brazil, the general surgeon is in charge of emergencies procedures in most hospitals, but many times these surgeons are not familiarized with more complex vascular surgical techniques that often require a vascular surgeon. Pará State is the most populated one in the Brazilian Amazon region and a single hospital with vascular surgeons permanently on call is available. Objectives: To evaluate demographic data on vascular trauma victims; to establish the mechanism, anatomic location, injury pattern and surgical techniques used to manage the vascular lesions treated at the Metropolitan Emergency Hospital; to ascertain associated non-vascular injuries and victim's clinical outcome. Methods: Medical records retrospective analysis of patients treated for vascular injuries from February 2011 to February 2013 at the institution in case. All arterial and venous injuries were analyzed. Patients who were not operated by the vascular surgery team, iatrogenic injuries and those who underwent primary or sustained traumatic amputation were excluded. Results: 173 cases; 95.95% were male; 54.90% were between 25 and 49 years; penetrating trauma mechanisms were found in 88.44%; lower limb was the most affected topography (41.50%); the most injured vessels were the superficial femoral and ulnar arteries (in 15.75% of cases each) and the superficial femoral vein (17.77%); autologous vein graft was the most performed technique for arterial repair (36.57%) and ligature was performed in 85.00% of venous trauma; amputation rate was 15.60% and mortality rate was 6.35%. Conclusions: Vascular injuries occurred predominantly in men from 24 to 49 years old; penetrating mechanisms were most frequent; lower limb was the most affected topography; the most frequently injured vessels were the ulnar and superficial femoral arteries and the superficial femoral vein; complete vessel transection was the most common injury pattern; arterial trauma was most frequently treated by autologous venous graft

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