Stability of oxygen saturation depends on maturation and function of individual components of the respiratory system. The aim of this study was to record and analyse comprehensive oxygen saturation data in a longitudinal study over the first year of life. Detailed sleep studies were performed on 15 normal infants eight times in the first year of life. The accrued oxygen saturation data were analysed on a computerized oximetry data analysis system. Results show the mean sleep saturation levels trending upwards and stabilizing by 185 days. There was an inverse curvilinear relationship between mean age and median desaturation time and the median number of desaturations at < or = 95, < or = 92 and < or = 90% saturation. The mean cumulative desaturation time < or = 90% in the first 4 months was 11.08 min (range 2.5-36.57 min). This study demonstrates monotonic patterns of increasing saturation and decreasing number and time of desaturations < or = 95% and < or = 90% but a random pattern of desaturations < or = 85% occurs across the first 6 months of life. Cumulative desaturation times over the first 4 months of life were high and could be important to the development of maturity of the respiratory system. After 6 months, all indices of saturation and desaturation point to a stable and mature respiratory system.

Relata-se um caso de um paciente com queixa principal de dor lombar à esquerda, portador de angiomiolipomas renais (AMLRs) bilaterais, com a lesão mais volumosa de 6,2 cm em seu maior diâmetro, submetido a tratamento endovascular por embolização arterial superseletiva com microesferas. Os AMLRs são tumores benignos raros. A maioria é esporádica, enquanto uma minoria está associada à Esclerose Tuberosa Complexa (ETC). Os AMLRs maiores do que 4 cm devem ser tratados devido ao maior risco de complicações, principalmente hemorrágicas. A embolização arterial seletiva (EAS) é um tratamento efetivo e seguro para os AMLRs.

Introduction. Visceral artery aneurysms are uncommon. Among them, splenic artery is the most common (46–60%). Most splenic artery aneurysms are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally, but its rupture, potentially fatal, occurs in up to 8% of cases. Presentation of Case. A female patient, 64 years old, diagnosed with a giant aneurysm of the splenic artery (approximately 6.5 cm in diameter) was successfully submitted to endovascular treatment by stent graft implantation. Discussion. Symptomatic aneurysms and those larger than 2 cm represent some of the main indications for intervention. The treatment may be by laparotomy, laparoscopy, or endovascular techniques. Among the various endovascular methods discussed in this paper, there is stent graft implantation, a method still few reported in the literature. Conclusion. Although some authors still consider the endovascular approach as an exception to the treatment of SAA, in major specialized centers these techniques have been consolidated as the preferred choice, reserving the surgical approach in cases where this cannot be used. For being a less aggressive approach, it offers an opportunity of treatment to patients considered “high risk” for surgical treatment by laparotomy/laparoscopy.

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar se a tomografia computadorizada representa uma opção segura para triagem de lesões cardíacas penetrantes. Métodos: estudo transversal retrospectivo, que confrontou os achados tomográficos com os detectados na exploração cirúrgica em pacientes operados por suspeita de trauma cardíaco no período de janeiro de 2016 a janeiro de 2018. Resultados: setenta e dois casos foram analisados; 97,2% eram do sexo masculino e a faixa etária mais prevalente foi de 20 a 29 anos; 56,9% apresentaram ferimentos por projéteis de arma de fogo e 43,1% por arma branca. Em 20 casos, a tomografia computadorizada foi sugestiva de lesão cardíaca, confirmada em 13 casos durante a cirurgia. A sensibilidade da tomografia computadorizada foi de 56,5% e a especificidade de 85,7%. Conclusão: a tomografia computadorizada não deve ser adotada rotineiramente para triagem de ferimentos cardíacos penetrantes.

Purpose: To evaluate severity and built a pilot of a national databank about pediatric trauma and to determine its severity. Methods: Prospective study of unintentional pediatric trauma in five hospitals in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Results: 916 patients in 4 months. 61.5% of traumatized children were male, average 6.5 years. 48. 4% were falls. Most families had an average monthly income less than three minimum wages. 42% of accidents occurred at home. 18.9% of children were alone. 59,8% of parents thought it could be prevented. 26.5% of children had previous accidents. GCS was severe: 5 patients, moderate: 8 patients. 21 patients were intubated (2.4%), RTS <7 in 10.2%, PTS<8 in 3.6%. 8.5% patients were considered severe, which was related to falls (p=0.001); sports (p=0.045); pedestrian (p=0.006); child education (p=0.015) and cared by male (p=0.007). Conclusions: Severity occurred in 8.5% and was associated to falls, sports, traffic, child education, and cared by male. Simple preventive measures could have prevented most of the accidents. The tested tool for details was successful and can be used throughout the country.

ResumoOs autores relatam o caso de uma paciente jovem previamente submetida a nefrectomia direita por apresentar angiomiolipomas renais (AMLRs) e portadora de dois volumosos angiomiolipomas no rim esquerdo remanescente. A paciente foi encaminhada pelo urologista para tratamento endovascular. Realizou-se embolização superseletiva de um dos tumores, localizado no polo renal inferior e em situação subcapsular; apesar de várias tentativas, não foi obtido um cateterismo seletivo suficiente para embolizar o segundo angiomiolipoma (localizado no polo renal superior) sem que um volume considerável de parênquima renal adjacente sofresse isquemia. O procedimento e a recuperação da paciente transcorreram sem complicações. A paciente recebeu alta no primeiro pós-operatório e vem sendo acompanhada ambulatorialmente há 9 meses sem intercorrências. É feita uma breve revisão sobre indicações, aspectos técnicos e complicações do tratamento endovascular dos AMLRs, além de serem discutidas vantagens dessa técnica quando comparada à ressecção cirúrgica dos tumores.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are the most common. The annual incidence of AAA rupture is eight cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Incidental detection can benefit patients if diameter is monitored and the correct treatment provided. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of incidental diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and AAA by computed tomography (CT); to determine prevalence by age and sex of patients and determine which arteries are involved and the morphological characteristics of the aneurysms; to determine the indications for CT most associated with incidental diagnosis of aneurysms. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective and randomized study. Inclusion criteria: patients over 50 years of age examined with CT of the thorax, abdomen or pelvis. Exclusion criteria: follow-up or diagnostic suspicion of aneurysms. Data collection instruments containing questions covering demographic and anatomic data were used. Results: A sample of 1,202 radiology reports was reviewed. A total of 27 aneurysms were detected (prevalence of 2.2%). Patients: 60% were male and 40% were female (p < 0.05). Sites: there were 13 cases (48.2%) in the ascending aorta (TAA); 7 (25.9%) in the infrarenal aorta (AAA); 2 (7.4%) at the thoracoabdominal transition of the aorta (TTA); 2 (7.4%) in the common iliac artery ; 1 (3.7%) in the internal iliac artery; 1 (3.7%) in the splenic artery; and 1 (3.7%) in the renal artery. Conclusions: The majority of patients were male (60%); TAA was the most common type (mean diameter: 4.1 cm), followed by AAA (mean diameter: 4.0 cm) and ATA (mean diameter: 3.9 cm). The most common indication for the CT examination that led to incidental diagnosis of an aneurysm was respiratory symptoms.

Lymphoceles are usually related to trauma or surgery, and its spontaneous development is rare. The aim of this paper is to report an uncommon case of idiopathic lymphocele located on the right infraclavicular region, in a female patient with no previous local trauma or surgery and unremarkable medical history. The diagnose was suggested by the tomographic aspect of the lesion and confirmed by ultrasound-guided fluid aspiration and cytological analysis. The authors also provide a brief review of the most important thing diagnostic features and treatment options for this condition. For the practicing clinician, the most important is to achieve an accurate diagnose and to choose the proper therapeutic method according to each clinical scenario.