Bis-spiropryran molecules were grafted onto the surface of upconverting nanoparticles. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer from the upconverting nanoparticles to the surface bis-spiropyran molecules triggered the transformation of the ring-closed bis-spiropyran to the ring-open bis-merocyanine forms.

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A systematic investigation of the luminescence spectroscopy of Y(P,V)O4:Bi(3+) is presented. The emission spectra and the decay curves are measured as a function of the host morphology, composition, temperature, excitation wavelength, and doping concentration. On this basis, the nature of the excited states and the radiative and non-radiative relaxation processes are discussed. Colour coordinates and quantum yield measurements are also carried out to provide information about the potential applications of the studied materials.

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