Background People with good health knowledge present a conceptual and objective appropriation of general and specific health topics, increasing their probability to express health protection and prevention measures. The main objective of this study was to conduct a rapid systematic review about the effects of health knowledge on the adoption of health behaviors and attitudes in populations under pandemic emergencies. Methods A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA checklist and the Cochrane method for rapid systematic reviews. Studies searches were performed in APA PsycNet, Embase, Cochrane Library and PubMed Central. Studies published between January 2009 and June 2020 and whose primary results reported a measure of interaction between health knowledge, health attitudes and behaviors in population groups during pandemics were included. A review protocol was recorded in PROSPERO (CRD42020183347). Results Out of a total of 5791 studies identified in the databases, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies contain a population of 26099 adults, grouped into cohorts of health workers, university students, clinical patients, and the general population. Health knowledge has an important influence on the adoption of health behaviors and attitudes in pandemic contexts. Conclusions The consolidation of these preventive measures favors the consolidation of public rapid responses to infection outbreaks. Findings of this review indicate that health knowledge notably favors adoption of health behaviors and practices. Therefore, health knowledge based on clear and objective information would help them understand and adopt rapid responses to face a pandemic.

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The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of publications that reported the association between dispositional optimism and depression during youth, analyzing if the strength of this relationship varied according to potential factors. Systematic searches were carried out in APA PsycNet, Virtual Health Library, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Scopus to collect English, Portuguese, or Spanish studies from 2009 onwards. Two reviewers selected the eligible articles, assessed the quality of each study, and extracted the data. For the synthesis of the results, a meta-analytic approach was used. We identified 4077 publications in the initial searches and 22 in the supplementary searches, from which 31 studies remained for analysis once the eligibility criteria were applied. The results showed a statistically significant negative association between dispositional optimism and depression in the young population, age being a factor that modifies the effect measure between these variables. This meta-analysis provides a consistent and robust synthesis on the interaction effect between dispositional optimism and depression in the young population. Based on these findings, early clinical admissions may effectively improve optimistic tendencies in young people, which could help them prevent depressive symptoms or episodes.

IntroductionAdolescence is a critical period of human development, where adaptive or maladaptive experiences can happen. These experiences are associated with psychological, social, biological and health factors. Previous empirical evidence suggests that mental health is associated with individual assets and positive states, whose presence may become a factor of protection and resistance to mental disorders. Among these, optimism could play a fundamental role in sustaining physical and mental well-being and in dealing with threats potentially harmful to health. Given the rise of research on optimism and its importance in the various health outcomes, it is necessary to initiate processes of compilation and synthesis of this evidence to facilitate the understanding of the importance of this variable on the mental health of adolescents.Methods and analysisThe included studies will be experimental, observational, cross-sectional and longitudinal focussed on the role of optimism on mental health in adolescents, regardless of whether they belong to clinical or non-clinical populations. This systematic review protocol will be carried out following the Cochrane Manual for systematic reviews and will follow the statement on systematic reviews and meta-analysis of PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols). Searches will run from October 2019 to March 2020, and will be carried out from the following electronic databases: APA PsycNet, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Web of Science, PubMed Central and Scopus. Two reviewers will obtain the eligible articles, published from January 2009 onward, to assess the quality of each study and extract the data. For the presentation of the results, a narrative and quantitative synthesis will be carried out that groups the data found.Ethics and disseminationThe approval of an ethics committee is not required for a systematic review protocol. The results will be presented at congresses in social sciences and psychology and will be published in a peer-reviewed social or health science journal.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO CRD42019142616.

Background: Aging is a process of changes dictated by the concurrent action of the biopsychosocial determinants. Population aging is a phenomenon that occurs on a global scale in heterogeneous ways, representing the growth of elderly at a greater rate than the number of newborn. Previous empirical evidence suggests that population aging has become a concern for several sectors of society. Among these, the social security policies that play a fundamental role in supporting the elderly. Given the rise of research on aging and its importance in the various health and social outcomes, it is necessary to initiate processes of compilation and synthesis of this evidence to facilitate the understanding of the importance of this variable into social security policies for public health, especially, for the elderly's health.Methods: The included studies will be qualitative and quantitative original research articles. This systematic review protocol will be conducted following the Cochrane Manual and will follow the statement of PRISMA-P. Searches will run from April 2021 to July 2021, and will be carried out from the following electronic databases: Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed Central, CINAHL, ASSIA and APA PsycNet. Two reviewers will obtain the eligible articles, published from 1979 to 2020, to assess the quality of each study and extract the data. A narrative and qualitative synthesis will be used to analyze the primary outcomes. If data are pertinent for quantitative analysis, a meta-analytic approach will be held.Discussion: The findings of this review will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of aging in social security policies and will help to establish causality in terms of the effects of this public policy on elderly’s health and their access to the healthcare system. This information can be used to identify effective interventions that could be implemented to improve the management of public health and social security policies at old age.Ethics and dissemination: The approval of an ethics committee is not required for a systematic review protocol. The results will be will be published in a peer-reviewed social or health science journal. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42021225820