As mulheres estão expostas ao sexismo e as mulheres negras convivem com a interseccionalidade com racismo e pobreza e sofrem agravos à saúde devido a privação de direitos humanos, ineficiência dos programas governamentais e falta de acesso à educação e saúde integral. Consideramos mulheres negras como um grupo formado por pretas e pardas de acordo com a autodeclaração do IBGE. Desfechos desfavoráveis na pandemia de COVID-19, doença causada pelo vírus SARS-Cov-2, podem estar associados a vulnerabilidade social e econômica da população negra em território brasileiro, menor acesso ao serviço de saúde de nível secundário e terciário e testagem para COVID-19 na ABS, notificação precária, bem como a segregação espacial: as periferias, favelas ou bairros populares ocupados majoritariamente por negros. Analisar os dados de mulheres negras com COVID-19 e desfechos na região Sudeste do Brasil de março a novembro de 2020. Estudo transversal com dados do DataSUS/ Ministério da Saúde 1 de março a 23 de novembro de 2020, com total de mulheres diagnosticadas com SARS causada pelo vírus SARS-Cov-2 igual a 33.991, sendo 21.551 brancas e 12.063 negras. Rcommander 4.0.3 para Windows foi utilizado. As mulheres negras (4856/12.063) tiveram 1,24 vezes mais chance de evoluírem a óbito, OR = 1,25 IC95% (1,20-1,31), do que as mulheres brancas (7637/21.551). Quanto à idade, as negras maiores de 60 anos tiveram 4,26 vezes mais chance de morrer, OR = 4,26 IC95% (3,9-4,6), do que as negras 20 a 60 anos. Negras maiores de 60 anos tiveram 1,26 vezes mais chance de morrer, OR = 1,26 IC95% (1,18-1,34) do que brancas na mesma faixa. Negras com 20-60 anos tiveram 1,7 vezes mais chance de morrer, OR = 1,70 IC95% (1,57-1,85) do que brancas na mesma faixa. As negras (3464/12.063) tiveram 0,9 vezes menor chance de terem sido internadas em UTI, OR = 0,9 IC95% (0,85-0,93), do que as brancas (6766/21.551). A dispneia esteve relacionada à evolução a óbito em ambos os grupos, OR = 1,22 IC95% (1,16-1,29). Negras com dispneia tiveram 1,16 vezes mais chance de evoluir a óbito, OR = 1,16 IC95% (1,06-1,27), do que aquelas do mesmo grupo que não apresentavam esse sintoma. As mulheres negras apresentaram-se no período analisado como um grupo em maior situação de vulnerabilidade em relação a COVID-19, pois tiveram maior chance de óbito, menos chance de internação em UTI o que poderia significar uma falha no atendimento à saúde dessa população. Ambos os grupos tiveram dispneia como fator condicionante da gravidade.
Introduction: The first coronavirus disease (COVID-19) case in Brazil was registered in December 2019. Since then, an important social situation has been highlighted. Black women correspond to the highest death rate, by group, in the Southeast even not occupying the highest percentage of diagnosis. This scenario was also experienced in other places around the world. Therefore, some questions must be highlighted, such as social and economic vulnerability of black population in brazilian territory, less access to health service and testing for Covid-19. Objective: This study analyzed the clinical picture and evolution - cure or death-of black women with COVID-19 in the Southeast region. In addition, consolidating knowledge about the factors that precede death in black women and comparing them with other race groups. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the Ministry of Health's Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) from March to November 23, 2020, with a total number of women classified as level 5, with SARS caused by the virus SARS-Cov-2, equal to 33,991, being 21,551 white and 12,063 black. Results and Conclusion: Therefore, black women present themselves as a vulnerable group in relation to COVID-19. This group was less present in the ICU, but both groups, white and black women, had dyspnea as an aggravating factor. Considering those facts, it's possible that black women had less access, this would explain a greater number of deaths among this group compared to white women, which could signify a failure in the health care of this population. When analyzing deaths by age group, it is evident that white women followed the literature pattern - severe forms occur in patients over 65 years of age with comorbidities, while there was a rejuvenation of deaths among black women. It is a limitation of our study not to include comorbidities in the analysis. This situation becomes relevant for directing public policies that aim to reverse the factors associated with this situation. More studies are needed to elucidate the socioeconomic issues that support this outcome, seeking to reduce the number of deaths from COVID-19 in black women.
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