Normal parameters for blink frequency, palpebral fissure length and tear production measurement are presented. The palpebral fissure of black-tufted marmoset is very small and tear production is one of the lowest reported for all animal species. A novel and practical alternative for tear production measurement using standardized endodontic absorbent paper points is presented and is indicated for animals with small eyes.

The objective of this study was to assess the variability of readings made using the Tonovet® rebound tonometer for measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the peripheral cornea and in angulated positions on the canine corneal surface. Forty-six client-owned dogs admitted for ophthalmic evaluation at the Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge were included in the study. IOP readings were taken at a variety of locations and using the tonometer at a number of different angles to the cornea: 1) Perpendicularly at center of the cornea (CC); 2) At the center of the cornea but with the tonometer positioned at four angles, and 3) At four different points on the peripheral cornea. All values were compared with the values recorded at the recommended CC position. IOP values were significantly underestimated in seven positions, with median and interquartile range from 12.1 ± 4 mmHg (nasal on periphery) to 15 ± 5 mmHg (laterally angled at center), varying between 0 mmHg to 2.9 mmHg from the CC value. While dorsally angled in the central cornea were not significantly different from those at CC (p = 0.09). Median values were lower for measurements in peripheral positions when compared to angled central positions. These results demonstrate that angling the tonometer or measuring in peripheral regions can result in small but statistically significant underestimation of IOP values.

Paraparesis and paraplegia are common conditions in dogs, most often caused by a disc herniation in the thoracolumbar spinal segments (T3-L3), which is a neurological emergency. Surgical decompression should be performed as soon as possible when spinal compression is revealed by myelography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Mesenchymal stem-cell therapy is a promising adjunct treatment for spinal cord injury. This study sought to compare the effects of surgical decompression alone and combined with an allogeneic transplantation of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAd-MSCs) in the treatment of dogs with acute paraplegia. Twenty-two adult dogs of different breeds with acute paraplegia resulting from a Hansen type I disc herniation in the thoracolumbar region (T3-L3) were evaluated using computed tomography. All dogs had grade IV or V lesions and underwent surgery within 7 days after symptom onset. They were randomly assigned into two groups, 11 dogs in each. The dogs in Group I underwent hemilaminectomy, and those in Group II underwent hemilaminectomy and cAd-MSC epidural transplantation. In both groups, all dogs with grade IV lesions recovered locomotion. The median locomotion recovery period was 7 days for Group II and 21 days for Group I, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the median length of hospitalization after the surgery was statistically different between the two groups (Group I, 4 days; Group II, 3 days; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant between-group differences regarding the number of animals with grade IV or V lesions that recovered locomotion and nociception. In conclusion, compared with surgical decompression alone, the use of epidural cAd-MSC transplantation with surgical decompression may contribute to faster locomotor recovery in dogs with acute paraplegia and reduce the length of post-surgery hospitalization.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), also known as dry eye syndrome, is an ocular surface disorder in dogs characterized by decreased production of the aqueous part of the tear film (quantitative) or by evaporative tear disorders (qualitative). 1 In dogs, most cases of qualitative KCS are due to immune-mediated disease in which the inflammatory process results in atrophy of the lacrimal glands, substitution of glandular structures for fibrous

No abstract

Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate 10 cases of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosed in Holstein or Holstein-crosses cows.Materials and Methods:The investigation was performed exclusively in OSCC cases diagnosed in the State of Paraná and Santa Catarina. A combination of two previously existing histopathological classifications systems was used. The tissue samples were tested for immunoexpression of p53 and p16 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bovine herpesvirus and papillomavirus.Results:A positive correlation between number of mitotic figures and tissue invasion was found. Anaplasia parameters did not correlate well with tumor invasion of deeper tissues and mitotic counts. Six of 10 OSCC cases were in animals with heavily pigmented eyes. Immunoexpression of p53 and p16 was observed in 3 cases each. Bovine herpesvirus and papillomavirus were not detected by PCR.Conclusions:Our results indicate that OSCC occurrence is most likely multifactorial with genetic, phenotypic, and environmental influences contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Presence of iridociliary cysts may cause a specific form of uveitis not associated with any known systemic disease or underlying cause. The condition was previously characterized in Golden Retrievers. However, Labrador Retrievers, Great Danes and Boston Terriers are reported to develop a similar disease condition. The following report documents seven cases of iridociliary cysts, with or without associated pigmentary uveitis, in American Bulldogs from Brazil and Spain. Although not an uncommon disease, this syndrome has been relatively infrequently documented in the literature, with only one study in the American Bulldog. This article describes clinical findings as well as medical and surgical management of each case. Because some of the patients were closely related in this series, a possible hereditary basis is considered for pigmentary uveitis associated with iridociliary cysts in American Bulldogs.

Objetivou-se relatar características morfológicas do bulbo ocular e determinar valores de referência para testes oftálmicos selecionados em corujas-orelhudas (Asio clamator). Foram estudados 32 olhos de 16 corujas (Asio clamator), adultas e jovens, machos e fêmeas, de vida livre. Sendo compilados dados referentes a observações morfológicas do crânio, bulbo ocular e anexos, além de mensuração de testes oftálmicos, incluindo, Teste Lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS), cultura da microbiota normal da conjuntiva, estesiometria, pressão intraocular (PIO), espessura de córnea central (ECC), diâmetro horizontal da rima palpebral, diâmetro horizontal da córnea e oftalmoscopia indireta. Vinte e dois tipos de bactérias foram identificados em 12 corujas havendo predominância de microrganismos Gram-positivos. A média encontrada para o TLS foi de 5,03±3,28mm/min, para o diâmetro horizontal da rima palpebral em 16 corujas foi 21,24±1,17mm, e 15,7±2,74mm para o diâmetro horizontal da córnea. O valor médio para o teste de estesiometria foi de 0,80±0,59cm, a PIO média de 13,81±5,62mmHg e ECC média de 0,28±0,03cm. O estudo contribuiu para a caracterização da morfologia ocular e para o estabelecimento de valores de referências de testes diagnósticos oftálmicos em corujas-orelhudas, sendo necessário ainda o desenvolvimento de estudos complementares sobre histologia ocular desta espécie.