Primeiramente, agradeço a Deus por me proporcionar luz e perseverança, principalmente, nos momentos mais difíceis da minha vida. Aos meus pais e meus irmãos, pelo amor, incentivo е apoio incondicional. Ao meu namorado Allan, pelo amor cultivado todos os dias, compreensão, companheirismo e por sempre me fazer feliz. Ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Carlito Calil Junior, pela oportunidade para que esse trabalho pudesse ser realizado, pelos ensinamentos e todo apoio nesses anos de mestrado. Aos professores, Dr. Adriano Wagner Ballarin, Dr. Antonio Alves Dias e Dr. Sergio Augusto Rodrigues pela disponibilidade e valiosa contribuição no trabalho. Ao Jaime, que não mediu esforços para me ajudar por vários dias de ensaios.
The NBR 7190:1997 "Design of Timber Structures" provides the procedure for several mechanical tests, and among them, the Static bending test for Modulus of Elasticity (Em) and Conventional Value of Strength (fm) determinations. It is common to characterize wood batches with a small number of specimens, what makes it difficult to perform an estimative test for rupture determination, and afterwards, to carry out the loading cycle for Em estimation. In these cases, instead of Force parameters, Deflection parameters are used for the loading cycle. This paper aims to identify a pattern between Force and Deflection parameters by investigating the Force vs. Deflection curve of the static bending test of wood specimens. According to results, there is a well pronounced pattern between Force and Deflection parameters in the linear part of the Force vs. Deflection curve, and based on this, we proposed a linear regression model between logarithm values of the force percentage (in relation to the rupture) and the denominator of the span value (as a Deflection parameter), resulting R2 equal to 97.41%. This result makes the conduction of the static bending test easier in specialized laboratories for testing of wood.
State-of-the-art steel-timber composite structures (STC), using cold-formed steel (CFS) and cross-laminated timber (CLT), are considered in this review. Literature on this type of construction solution is reviewed to provide an overview of the characteristics and advantages of STC. Previous experimental and numerical studies with STC structures, mainly composite solutions with CFS beams and CLT panels, are discussed to assess the behavior of this structural typology. A comprehensive description of the connection systems performance in different STC structures is also provided. Furthermore, the design and analytical methods currently available are presented. Likewise, details on aspects related to dynamic properties and fire resistance are discussed.
State-of-the-art steel-timber composite structures (STC), using cold-formed steel (CFS) and cross-laminated timber (CLT), are considered in this review. Literature on this type of construction solution is reviewed to provide an overview of the characteristics and advantages of STC. Previous experimental and numerical studies with STC structures, mainly composite solutions with CFS beams and CLT panels, are discussed to assess the behavior of this structural typology. A comprehensive description of the connection systems performance in different STC structures is also provided. Furthermore, the design and analytical methods currently available are presented. Likewise, details on aspects related to dynamic properties and fire resistance are discussed.
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