OBJECTIVETo assess the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment.METHODSLongitudinal study based on a birth cohort in Viçosa, MG, Southeastern Brazil. In 2011/2012, 168 new mothers accessing the public health network were followed. Three interviews, at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum, with the new mothers were conducted. Exclusive breastfeeding abandonment was analyzed in the first, second, and fourth months after childbirth. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was applied to identify depressive symptoms in the first and second meetings, with a score of ≥ 12 considered as the cutoff point. Socioeconomic, demographic, and obstetric variables were investigated, along with emotional conditions and the new mothers’ social network during pregnancy and the postpartum period.RESULTSThe prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum was 53.6% (n = 90), 47.6% (n = 80), and 69.6% (n = 117), respectively, and its incidence in the fourth month compared with the first was 48.7%. Depressive symptoms and traumatic delivery were associated with exclusive breastfeeding abandonment in the second month after childbirth. In the fourth month, the following variables were significant: lower maternal education levels, lack of homeownership, returning to work, not receiving guidance on breastfeeding in the postpartum period, mother’s negative reaction to the news of pregnancy, and not receiving assistance from their partners for infant care.CONCLUSIONSPsychosocial and sociodemographic factors were strong predictors of early exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and provide early treatment to nursing mothers with depressive symptoms, decreasing the associated morbidity and promoting greater duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Support from health professionals, as well as that received at home and at work, can assist in this process.

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RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a ocorrência e associar a presença dos hábitos orais deletérios com as estruturas e funções do Sistema Estomatognático, quanto aos aspectos de fala, oclusão e respiração, na percepção dos responsáveis. Método Estudo transversal, de caráter exploratório. A amostra, não probabilística, foi composta por 289 crianças de zero a 12 anos atendidas em uma unidade de estratégia de saúde da família. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário de identificação de hábitos deletérios aplicado com os responsáveis pelas crianças. Os resultados foram considerados a um nível de significância de 5% e as análises foram realizadas utilizando o programa SPSS versão 19.0 e o teste Quiquadrado de associação para análise das variáveis categóricas. Resultados O índice de aleitamento materno foi de 85%, entretanto, apenas 32,4% foram amamentados exclusivamente até os seis meses. Os hábitos mais prevalentes e mantidos atualmente foram a mamadeira (28,62%) e a chupeta (23,18%) convencional. Houve associação significativa (p=0,001) entre o fato de a criança permanecer com a boca aberta e respirar de modo oral e oronasal. A presença de hábitos como a mamadeira (p=0,016) e a chupeta (p=0,001) ortodôntica estava relacionada ao modo respiratório relatado. O tempo de manutenção dos hábitos estava associado à percepção da presença de alterações na fala (p=0,046); e oclusais (p=0,014). Conclusão A presença e a manutenção de hábitos orais deletérios mostraram-se associadas à percepção da presença de alterações nas estruturas e funções do Sistema Estomatognático de alterações de oclusão, respiração e fala, representando parcela importante da demanda por reabilitação.

ResumoObjetivo: conhecer o estado nutricional de crianças cadastradas no Programa Bolsa Família, mediante comparação das beneficiárias (grupo BF; n=262) com as não beneficiárias (grupo NBF; n=184), bem como conhecer os determinantes do déficit estatural. Metodologia: avaliou-se o estado nutricional de 443 crianças com idade entre seis e 84 meses, utilizando-se a referência da Organização Mundial da Saúde; análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada foi realizada com os dados de todas as crianças cadastradas. Resultados: em relação ao estado nutricional, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos BF e NBF; o déficit estatural foi o agravo mais prevalente (6,3%); e os fatores de risco foram 'idade inferior a 48 meses' e 'consumir água sem tratamento', sendo este último fator de risco para desnutrição em ambos os grupos, embora o risco fosse de maior magnitude no grupo NBF. Conclusão: entende-se que as beneficiárias podem ter sua saúde mais protegida, possivelmente pela determinação do cumprimento das condicionalidades.Palavras-chave: desnutrição; déficit estatural; fator de risco; programas de transferências de renda. (BF group; n=262) Summary Objective: the aim was to get to know the nutritional status of children enrolled in the Bolsa Família Program, comparing those who receive

The methodology of focus groups has been increasingly employed in the context of research in the social sciences, particularly in health-related inquiries. Considerations about the sensitive aspects of such research are not, however, very often seen in research reports or discussion on ways of conducting sensitive research. The scope of this paper is to share an experience of conducting focus group research on sensitive topics, such as AIDS, risk and sexual issues, highlighting some methodological issues. More specifically, it suggests ways of working with teenage girls in focus groups about sensitive topics. The advantages of the use of focus groups to explore views on HIV/AIDS and other sexual risks are also discussed. Socio-cultural approaches to risk and feminist thinking permeate the main arguments.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the impact of timing of clamping and obstetric, biological and socioeconomic factors on the iron stores of full-term newborns.METHODSCross-sectional study between October 2011 and July 2012 in which hematological parameters were evaluated for newborns in Viçosa, MG, Southeastern Brazil. It involved collecting 7 mL of umbilical cord blood from 144 full-term not underweight newborns. The parameters investigated were complete blood count, serum iron, ferritin and C-reactive protein. The time of umbilical cord clamping was measured using a digital timer without interfering in the procedures of childbirth. The birth data were collected from Live Birth Certificates and other information was obtained from the mother through a questionnaire applied in the first month postpartum. Analysis of multiple linear regression was then used to estimate the influence of biological, obstetrics and socioeconomic factors on the ferritin levels at birth.RESULTSThe median ferritin was 130.3 µg/L (n = 129, minimum = 16.4; maximum = 420.5 µg/L), the mean serum iron was 137.9 μg/dL (n = 144, SD = 39.29) and mean hemoglobin was 14.7 g/dL (n = 144, SD = 1.47). The median time of cord clamping was 36 seconds, ranging between 7 and 100. The bivariate analysis detected an association between ferritin levels and color of the child, timing clamping of 60 seconds, type of delivery, the presence of gestational diabetes and per capita family income. In multivariate analysis, the variables per capita income, number of antenatal visits and length at birth accounted for 22.0% of variation in ferritin levels.CONCLUSIONSIron stores at birth were influenced by biological, obstetric and social characteristics. Tackling anemia should involve creating policies aimed at reducing social inequalities, improving the quality of antenatal care, as well as implementing a criterion of delayed clamping of the umbilical cord within the guidelines of labor.

Objective:To assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in women and their newborns in the postpartum period.Methods:This cross-sectional study evaluated vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in 226 women and their newborns in Viçosa (Minas Gerais, BR) between December 2011 and November 2012. Cord blood and venous maternal blood were collected to evaluate the following biochemical parameters: vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone. Poisson regression analysis, with a confidence interval of 95%, was applied to assess vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 25(OH)D deficiency in the newborns and women from the study. The criteria for variable inclusion in the multiple linear regression model was the association with the dependent variable in the simple linear regression analysis, considering p<0.20. Significance level was α <5%.Results:From 226 women included, 200 (88.5%) were 20-44 years old; the median age was 28 years. Deficient/insufficient levels of vitamin D were found in 192 (85%) women and in 182 (80.5%) neonates. The maternal 25(OH)D and alkaline phosphatase levels were independently associated with vitamin D deficiency in infants.Conclusions:This study identified a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in women and newborns and the association between maternal nutritional status of vitamin D and their infants' vitamin D status.

1Fabiana de Oliveira* Anete Abramowicz** RESUMO: Atualmente, o campo das discussões que se referem às relações étnico-raciais vem se ampliando em um espaço político-educacional considerável e que contribui para desmontar um forte campo discursivo que se hegemonizou como verdade e que afirmava a existência de uma democracia racial. Este artigo é o resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida numa instituição de educação infantil durante um semestre letivo, com visitas diárias. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando os seguintes recursos: observação, realização de um diário de campo e entrevistas com as profissionais da creche. O objetivo foi analisar as práticas educativas que ocorrem na creche, verificando as maneiras como essas práticas produzem e revelam a questão racial. A presente pesquisa constitui mais um subsídio para o questionamento das relações raciais no Brasil, desde a educação infantil, visando ao enfrentamento de práticas pedagógicas de homogeneidade e racismo. Palavras-chave: Infância; Creche; Relações Raciais. CHILDHOOD, RACE AND SPOILING KIDS ABSTRACT:Currently the field of discussions on ethnic-racial relationship is expanding into a political-educational space that contributes to dismantle a strong discursive field that became hegemonic as truth and stated the existence of a racial democracy. This article is the result of a qualitative research developed at an infant school during a school term with daily visits. The data collection was performed using the following resources: observation, preparation of a field diary and interviews with professionals of the nursery school. The objective was to analyze the educational practices that occur in the nursery schools, verifying the ways in which these practices produce and reveal a racial issue. This research is subsidy for the questioning of racial relationship in Brazil since the early stages of child education aimed at coping with teaching practices of homogeneity and racism.