At the moment of its founding in 1920, the League of Nations enjoyed the solid support of Latin American countries, whose early and extensive participation helped legitimize the new international system and facilitate the functioning of its institutional representation. While this support was tremendously valuable for the Geneva-based League, it continuously suffered temporary, though significant, lapses on the part of nations that were particularly representative of the region, such as Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Despite the characteristically pacifist rhetoric enunciated by this group of states, Latin American support cannot be called disinterested or sincere. Indeed, their collaboration with the multilateral and universalistic pretensions of the League was notoriously reserved, to such an extent that in the 1920s the organization’s General Secretariat granted them special treatment and prerogatives, while simultaneously ensuring that the League would continue to exert its influence in the Western Hemisphere. This reality was confirmed, sadly, in the context of two conflicts, the Chaco and Leticia wars, during which Latin American loyalty to the League became seriously questioned. With few exceptions in the decade that followed—one characterized by complicated crises that would lead to a new worldwide conflagration—the general tendency with respect to the system of collective security described in the Society’s Charter was scarred by dissatisfaction, incompliance, and increasing disillusionment that undoubtedly contributed to the weakening and eventual collapse of this organization so emblematic of the interwar period.
El artículo pretende una aportación muy concreta con el rescate del himno universitario nicolaita de Enrique Sotomayor (música en 1958), con letra de Donato Arenas López (1897), precisamente en el año en que la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo conmemora su primer centenario de existencia.
fABián herrerA leónEs doctorando en Historia por El Colegio de México (Ceh, promoción 2005(Ceh, promoción -2008, donde escribe una tesis sobre la participación de México en la Sociedad de Naciones, tema que puede considerarse su principal línea de investigación. Al efecto, ha ganado becas para realizar investigaciones en el extranjero (Confederación Helvética, 2004-2005, y España, 2009) y obtuvo el premio nacional Genaro Estrada 2006 a la mejor investigación sobre historia de las relaciones internacionales de México. Ha publicado recientemente La política mexicana en la Sociedad de Naciones ante la guerra del Chaco y el conflicto de Leticia, 1932-1935, México, sre, 2009 AMériCA lAtinA en lA historiA eConóMiCA, núM. 34Resumen Pese a que a finales del mes de julio de 1933 la Conferencia Económica de Londres fue prácticamente clausurada al entrar en receso, México y otros países productores o usuarios de plata llegaron allí mismo a un acuerdo que ayudaría a equilibrar el mercado de la plata y elevar su precio. Sobre esta base, la política estadunidense de rescate del metal blanco estimulada poco tiempo después, aceleró la recuperación. Como ya ha sido destacado por la historiografía económica, los beneficios que obtuvo México del Acuerdo de Londres y del programa platista estadunidense contribuyeron sustancialmente a la expansión de su sistema monetario y al fortalecimiento de su banco central en el marco de la crisis. Sin embargo, se ha pasado por alto la cuidadosa e interesante actividad preparatoria del país para pugnar por este tipo de medidas, omisión que ha sido la principal motivación del autor en la realización de este artículo.Palabras clave: Sociedad de Naciones, crisis económica mundial, gran depresión, Conferencia Monetaria y Económica de Londres, Conferencia Económica de Londres, Acuerdo de la Plata, política monetaria, México, diplomacia. AbstractAlthough the London Economic Conference (1933) was called off sine die at the end of July, Mexico and other silver producing and consuming countries came to an agreement that made possible to stabilize and increase the rate of this precious metal. As economic historiography has already emphasized, the benefits obtained by Mexico with the London Silver Agreement in 1933 favored both monetary system expansion and Central Bank strengthening during the crisis. Yet, the remarkable and cautious preparatory activity that Mexico fulfills to reach that goal has been neglected. This lack of information has prevented us to entirely understand this economic phenomenon and has been the author's main motivation while doing this paper.
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