Introduction: There are few studies and research regarding the external and internal characterization of porcine kidney unlike other species. The purpose of this study was to establish the similarities for each type of anatomical pattern in the internal and external structures of the kidney and the renal secretion system of the species. Materials and Methods The variables were analyzed from 60 renal blocks by injecting these with polyester resin, from animals destined for human consumption ethically obtained from the beneficiation plant Vijagual city of Bucaramanga. Result: External Morphometry for both kidneys, have a length of 120mm, the width of 27.3 mm. The renal arteries showed 3 different branching patterns (pattern I: 96.7%; pattern II: 1.7%; Pattern III: 1.6%). A third subpattern (Ic) in group I was found in 9.4% of samples. The distribution of the tributary veins present pattern type I (81%) and the pattern II (20%). Pattern III was not demonstrated in any of the examined samples. The caliber of the ureters averaged 6.9mm; the width of the renal pelvis was 12.2mm. The distribution patterns of the chalices were divided into two groups (A: 30% B 70%). Each pattern presented a subdivision in AI, AII, BI, and BII. Conclusions: The distribution patterns of renal structures found in this study are similar to those reported in previous studies, besides the contribution of an arterial pattern (Ic) was evidenced by this research.
Abstract. Introduction:Similarities between the bodies of pigs and humans have encouraged studies in comparative anatomy, trying to describe in detail the anatomical variations that could influence in the xenotransplantation; given that advances in genetics, immunology and biotechnology are large, this possibility is not far. The objective of this work was to make contributions to the vascular study of porcine heart. Methodology: 60 porcine hearts, with an average of five months old and weighing 85-95kg, were obtained from plant Vijagual. After receipt hearts were kept in water for six hours, then they were perfused with polyester resin semi-synthetic and mineral blue color, moreover the left coronary artery was perfused with red mineral color. Subsequently, the hearts were subjected to a process of partial corrosion with potassium hydroxide (15%), then the coronary sinus and its tributary branches were dissected from its origin to its distal segments, path, shapes, sizes, anastomosis and presence of registered anatomical variations. Photographic record of the samples was performed. Results: The origin of the distal caliber of Great cardiac vein (5.36 +/-1,04mm) was determined from the apex at 70% of anatomical pieces studied, and the ventricular groove paraconal in 30% of the pieces analyzed. The arteriovenous trigone was found in 58 of the cardiac structures studied (96.66%). Conclusion: The description of the anatomic variations present in the pig heart structure will contribute to the possibility of xenotransplantation and also provides data for the development of studies on cardiovascular surgery and certain diseases of clinical and epidemiological importance.Keywords: cardiac circulation, comparative anatomy, coronary sinus, heart, venous circulation. Estudio del seno coronario y sus tributarias en cerdos Resumen. Introducción: las similitudes entre el cuerpo del cerdo y el del ser humano han fomentado estudios de anatomía comparada que intentan describir en detalle las variaciones anatómicas que podrían tener influencia en los xenotrasplantes. Teniendo en cuenta que los avances en genética, inmunología y biotecnología son grandes, esta no es una posibilidad lejana. El objetivo de este trabajo era contribuir al estudio vascular del corazón porcino. Metodología: 60 corazones porcinos, con un promedio de cinco meses de edad y un peso de 85-95 kg, se obtuvieron de la planta Vijagual. Después de mantener los corazones recibidos en agua durante seis horas, se sometieron a perfusión con resina de poliéster semisintética y color azul mineral. Además, la arteria coronaria izquierda se perfundió con color rojo mineral. Posteriormente, los corazones se sometieron a un proceso de corrosión parcial con hidróxido de potasio (15%) y, luego, el seno coronario y sus ramas tributarias fueron disecados desde su origen hasta sus segmentos distales, registrando trayectorias, formas, tamaños, anastomosis y presencia de variaciones anatómicas. Se realizó un registro fotográfico de las muestras. Resultados: se determinó que el o...
Abstract. This review article is an analysis of the most recent published scientific articles about myxomatous valve degeneration (mvd) and was conducted over a five month period. The aim of this review is to consolidate information about the most recent medical developments in regards to myxomatous degeneration in the mitral valve. The authors of this article reached a consensus on both the development of the disease and the most effective type of diagnosis and treatment that is available today. Myxomatous valve degeneration is the most common heart disease in the canine population. It is identified by a loss of mechanical integrity in the heart due to structural changes in the valvular components. Degenerative changes occur due to an accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the leaflets and chordae which affect the proper operation of the valve apparatus. This is caused by faulty coaptation of the leaflets, resulting in mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, dilated ventricles and annuli, which are lesions that eventually cause the rupture of the chordae tendineae, leading to complications or possibly death. Due to the gradual progression of the disease and the presence or absence of clinical signs, it is very important that veterinarians accurately diagnose and follow-up on these patients in order to achieve stabilization and provide a suitable prognosis and treatment plan. The current ideal treatment of the disease is a low-sodium diet, administration of the ace inhibitor (angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor) spironolactone and a diuretic in order to reduce the presence of pulmonary edema and avoid the progression of the disease to congestive heart failure.Keywords: av valves, canine, heart, Myxomatous degeneration, treatment. Degeneração valvar mixomatosa. Um olhar nos últimos avanços em todos os aspectos da doençaResumo. Este artigo de revisão se realizou durante um período de cinco meses. Incluíram-se, neste, os últimos avanços publicados em artigos científicos. Conseguiu-se realizar um consenso quanto ao desenvolvimento da doença, ao tipo de diagnóstico mais adequado e ao tratamento que melhores resultados está mostrando na atualidade. O objetivo desta revisão foi conhecer as últimas atualizações sobre a degeneração valvular mixomatosa. A degeneração valvar mixomatosa é a doença cardíaca mais comum na população canina, na qual há uma perda da integridade mecânica devido a mudanças estruturais nos componentes valvulares. As mudanças se devem a uma acumulação de mucopolisacáridos nas cordas tendíneas e nas valvas as quais iniciam com falhas na coaptação das valvas gerando uma regurgitação mitral ou tricuspidiana, dilatação dos ventrículos e do anel valvular, levando a complicações ou morte do paciente. Devido ao progresso gradual das lesões na doença e à manifestação ou não de signos clínicos, o diagnóstico exato e seguimento apropriado desses pacientes é de grande importância para os médicos veterinários com o objetivo de prognosticar e instaurar o tratamento adequado. O melhor tratamento na atualidade para...
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