We describe a first-and-second-diffractive-order intraocular lens ((1,2)DIOL) within the class of hybrid refractive-diffractive designs for intraocular lenses (IOLs) and analyse its properties of focus extension and compensation of longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA), particularly for lenses with low addition. Power, energy efficiency and their wavelength dependence are extended from monofocal IOL and conventional bifocal zeroth-and-first-diffractive-order IOL ((0,1)DIOL) to (1,2)DIOL of low addition. Compensation of LCA is experimentally assessed in optical bench through the through-focus energy efficiency of three Tecnis IOLs with red, green and blue illuminations: ZA9003 (monofocal), ZKB00 (bifocal (0,1)DIOL with + 2.75 D add) and Symfony ZXR00. We prove Tecnis Symfony ZXR00 IOL can be considered an example of (1,2)DIOL design of low addition, with LCA compensation in both the distance and intermediate foci, whereas the bifocal (0,1)DIOL does not compensate in the distance focus. However, the energy efficiency of (1,2)DIOL for wavelengths other than the design wavelength is markedly more asymmetric.

For large pupils, the energy efficiency of the distance image is strongly affected by the level of SA, although aspheric IOLs perform slightly better than their counterparts with a spherical design. For small pupils, there are no differences between the spherical and aspheric IOLs.

To test the performance of a new monofocal intraocular lens, intended to extend depth of focus (Tecnis® Eyhance, ICB00) (ICB-IOL), in comparison to a timetested standard monofocal IOL (Tecnis® 1-piece, ZCB00) (ZCB-IOL) of same platform and material. MethodsAssessment of the optical performance of the two IOLs was made in-vitro using an optical test bench with a model eye. The spherical aberration (SA), modulation transfer function (MTF) and the area under the MTF (MTFa) were obtained for pupil sizes ranging from 2.0mm to 5.0mm. Through-focus MTFa curves between -3.0D to +1.0D were obtained with three pupils (2.0mm, 3.0mm and 4.5 mm). Halo formation was also assessed for both lenses. ResultsThe ICB-IOL had slightly worse optical quality at its best focus (i.e., lower MTF scores at distance vision) and more negative SA than the ZCB-IOL for pupils ranging from 2.0mm up to 3.0mm.The maximum of the through-focus MTFa curve of the ICB-IOL with a 2.0mm pupil, shifted to myopic defocus of -0.50 D.For larger pupils (≥3.5 mm), there were no differences of SA, MTF scores and halo energy between the two lenses. ConclusionsThe new ICB-IOL is a modified monofocal lens with 0.50D of additional power in its central 2mm zone and more negative SA values, which induces a myopic shift of the maximum of optical quality and could improve intermediate vision.For pupils larger than 3.5mm, there were no differences between both IOLs. 3The new ICB-IOL design would produce photic phenomena comparable to a standard IOL.

The optical quality of a set of IOLs (modeling set: one monofocal and two bifocals) was assessed through focus by the area under the modulation transfer function (MTFa) metric and related to the visual acuity (VA) defocus curves of pseudophakic patients implanted with said IOLs. A non-linear relationship between the MTFa and clinical VA was obtained with an asymptotic limit found to be the best VA achievable by the patients. Two mathematical fitting functions between clinical VA and MTFa were derived with high correlation coefficients (R 2 ≥0.85). They were applied to the MTFa obtained from a different set of IOLs with advanced designs (trial set: one extended range of vision-ERV-, one trifocal ERV and one trifocal apodized) to predict VA versus defocus of patients implanted with these IOLs. Differences between the calculated VA and the clinical VA for both fitting models were within the standard deviation of the clinical measurements in the range of-3.00 D to 0.00 D defocus, thus proving the suitability of the MTFa metric to predict clinical VA performance of new IOL designs.

Differences in the design of the diffractive IOLs translate into differences in optical quality at their foci, through-focus performance, and halo features, which can offer further information to surgeons when selecting which IOL to implant.

We study the feasibility of femtosecond laser writing of optical waveguides in bulk 35PbO∙35Bi2O3∙15Ga2O3∙15GeO2 glass, motivated by the extended transparency interval of heavy metal oxide glasses in the mid-infrared regime. Its large linear and nonlinear refractive indices cause critical self-focusing to occur even at low laser energies, leading to filamentary propagation and material damage. However, the vicinity of the laser-damaged region shows a considerable increase in the refractive index, which we attribute to a collateral, stress-induced densification due to the high pressures generated in the focal region. These regions of increased refractive index are strongly birefringent and sufficiently large to support efficient light propagation in transversally written structures. Optical waveguides with a refractive index increase ⩾10−3 and minimal mode ellipticity have been obtained.

Citation: Millán MS, Vega F, Ríos-López I. Polychromatic image performance of diffractive bifocal intraocular lenses: longitudinal chromatic aberration and energy efficiency. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:202157: -202857: . DOI:10.1167 PURPOSE. The study evaluated-theoretically and experimentally-the longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) and through-focus energy efficiency (TF-EE) of diffractive-refractive bifocal intraocular lenses (2f-IOLs).METHODS. Four aspheric 2f-IOLs (Tecnis þ4.00 diopter [D] ZMA00, þ2.75 D ZKB00, and AcrySof þ4.0 D SN6AD3, þ2.5 D SV25T0) of same base power 30 D, but different design, additional (add) power, and different material, were tested in vitro in terms of TF-EE when illuminated by 3 red (k R ¼ 625 nm), green (k G ¼ 530 nm), and blue (k B ¼ 455 nm) lights. The LCA affecting the distance and near foci was derived theoretically and measured experimentally from the contributions of the IOLs' refractive and diffractive powers. Longitudinal chromatic aberration was evaluated in a pseudophakic schematic eye. RESULTS.The distance focus of all 2f-IOLs showed lower energy efficiency (EE) for the blue than for the red light. AcrySof IOLs showed the largest amount of positive LCA in the distance focus that, combined with corneal LCA, would increase the resulting distance LCA in a pseudophakic eye. The near focus of all 2f-IOLs showed higher EE for the blue than for the red light. Better compensation for the LCA of a pseudophakic eye at near focus is obtained with Tecnis than with AcrySof 2f-IOLs.CONCLUSIONS. The energy distribution between the foci of diffractive 2f-IOLs depends on the lens design, the illumination wavelength, and to a lesser extent, the add power. In distance vision, 2f-IOLs' refractive base power increases the positive LCA of prior ocular media, and the resulting LCA may even surpass the natural LCA of human eye. In near vision, however, the achromatizing effect of diffractive 2f-IOLs may compensate, in part, the natural eye's LCA.

Laser ablation and deposition of aluminium with a specially configured target-substrate arrangement J. Appl. Phys. 113, 026102 (2013) Charge localization at the interface between La1−xSrxMnO3 and the "infinite layers" cuprate CaCuO2 J. Appl. Phys. 112, 123901 (2012) Resonant photoemission study of epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin film across Curie temperature Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 242402 (2012) Physical properties of CdTe:Cu films grown at low temperature by pulsed laser deposition J. Appl. Phys. 112, 113110 (2012) Combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation: Single-step synthesis of biopolymer compositional gradient thin film assemblies Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 233705 (2012) Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. The dynamics of the species ejected by excimer laser ablation of a BiSrCaCuO target in different gas environments is studied by spatially resolved, real-time optical emission spectroscopy. The evolution of the velocity and the emission intensity of the excited species versus the distance and the pressure of the foreign gas present a similar behavior both in reactive (oxygen) and inert (argon) environments. Furthermore, the results show that the plume expansion process is dominated by the interaction of the ejected species and the gas background atoms or molecules through collisional interactions rather than by reactions in the gas phase. The dynamics of the plume expansion is analyzed in the frame of the shock wave and drag models, the latter leading to a very good agreement with the experimental results and the dependence of the slowing coefficient with the gas pressure is established. Finally, the influence of the excitation e.nergy of the considered transition on the observed emission features is discussed. 0 1995 Amerkxn Institute of Physics.Plasma expansion dynamics in reactive and inert atmospheres during laser ablation of Bi(2)Sr(2)Ca(i)Cu(2)0(7-y