Abstract.A systematic study of the Stark splitting of the 4f N 6s 2 ground levels in the lanthanides was performed by the nonlinear level-crossing technique and the optical pumping method with rf detection in parallel electric and magnetic fields. The tensor polarizabilities of the hyperfine structure levels in 141pr I, t59Tb I, 165H0 I, 169Tm I and of the fine structure levels in ~42Nd I, 164Dy I, and 166Er I were deduced from the level-crossing and rf signals. Values of the tensor polarizability of the 4f electron were evaluated from the experimental results. On average these values decrease with the increasing number of 4f electrons from the value of 141pr (4f 3 6 s 2) e2(4J)=l. 16(12)kHz/(kV/cm) 2 to the value of 169Tm (4f 1~ 6s 2) e2(4f)=0.68(4)kHz/(kV/cm) 2. This decrease is caused by the lanthanides contraction.
Abstract. The optical pumping method with rf detection and the nonlinear level crossing technique were used in parallel electric and magnetic fields to investigate the Stark splitting of all the fine structure levels of the ground multiplet 4f7(8S)5d6s 2 9D in Gd I. The tensor potarizabilities were deduced from the level crossing and the rf signals. The variation of the tensor polarizabilities is well reproduced by the LS coupling approximation, except for the small value of the 9D 5 level. A value of the tensor polarizability of the 5 d eletron is evaluated from the experimental results, ~2(5 d)= 2.00(6) kHz/(kV/cm) 2. It is shown that the ratio between the electric quadrupole constant and the tensor polarizability is constant, except for the 9D 5 ratio, which is caused by a breakdown of the central field model. PACS. 32.60. + i; 32.80.Bx
Abstract.A technique based on the detection of nonlinear level-crossing resonances in parallel electric and magnetic fields has been extended to the study of the Stark splittings in the hyperfine levels of the ground multiplets (nd+(n+ 1)s) 32D3/2,5/2 in Sc I, Y I, La I, and Lu I. Values of the tensor polarizabilities of the nd electrons were evaluated from the experimental results. The variation of the tensor polarizabilities of the nd electrons in the configurations under study is discussed. Trends of the polarizabilities in different configurations are compared. The ratio between the electric quadrupole constant and the tensor polarizabilities is constant in La and different in Lu, which is caused by a breakdown of the central field model.
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