On the tensor polarizabilities in the 4f N 6s 2 ground levels of the neutral rare-earth atoms

Abstract

Abstract.A systematic study of the Stark splitting of the 4f N 6s 2 ground levels in the lanthanides was performed by the nonlinear level-crossing technique and the optical pumping method with rf detection in parallel electric and magnetic fields. The tensor polarizabilities of the hyperfine structure levels in 141pr I, t59Tb I, 165H0 I, 169Tm I and of the fine structure levels in ~42Nd I, 164Dy I, and 166Er I were deduced from the level-crossing and rf signals. Values of the tensor polarizability of the 4f electron were evaluated from the experimental results. On average these values decrease with the increasing number of 4f electrons from the value of 141pr (4f 3 6 s 2) e2(4J)=l. 16(12)kHz/(kV/cm) 2 to the value of 169Tm (4f 1~ 6s 2) e2(4f)=0.68(4)kHz/(kV/cm) 2. This decrease is caused by the lanthanides contraction.

Measurement of hyperfine structure constants, g values and tensor polarizability of excited states of Sm I

“…For the transition 1, the lower level does not split because J = 0. And the splitting of the lower level of the transition 2 could not be resolved with the present resolution because its tensor polarizability is very small [7,8]. Therefore, the fs peaks in the transitions 1 and 2 split into 2 components due to the splitting of upper level with J = 1.…”

“…However those for the other excited states were measured several orders less precisely than for the ground multiplet [4]. The Stark effects on Sm I have been systematically investigated by a group at Hannover, Germany [5][6][7][8]. They determined the tensor polarizabilities of the levels in the ground multiplet with ∼5% precision by nonlinear level-crossing technique.…”

Tensor polarizability of cadmium atoms in the excited state (5s5p)3 P 1

“…In several laboratories systematic measurements of atomic polarizabilities are carried out for different species and from some others theoretical results were reported of calculations of static as well as dynamic polarizabilities. Recently several papers were punished reporting experimental results of scalar and tensor polarizabilities of helium [2], tensor polarizabilities of the Sc, Y, La and Lu [3], of neutral rare-earth atoms [4] and the influence of electric and magnetic fields on sodium atoms [5]. In this paper, we present the measurements of polarizability of cadmium atoms in electric field using the level crossing and the opto-magnetic double resonance methods in combined electric and magnetic fields.…”

Tensor polarizabilities of the (nd+(n+1)s)3 2 D 3/2,5/2 levels in Sc I, Y I, La I and Lu I

“…The values of these tensor polarizabilities show a variation over the 4f shell. On average the tensor polarizability of a 4./electron decreases with an increasing number of 4f electrons [3]. The aim of this paper was to investigate tensor polarizabiiities of ground multiplet levels of configurations with one open shell by progressing through a column in the atomic table in order to look for a trend in the single electron tensor polarizability with an increasing main quantum number n.…”

“…Previous mesurements include determinations of tensor polarizabilities of levels in the ground multiplets of the configurations 4f v5 d 6 s z in GdI [1] and 4f66s 2 in SmI [2], in order to test the central field model, and of the configuration 4f N 6s 2 in the rare-earth elements Pr I, Nd I [3], Sm I [2,4], Tb I, Dy I, Ho I, Er I, and Tm I [3], in order to study the dependence of the polarizability of the 4f electron with an increasing number of 4f electrons. These investigations have revealed tensor polarizabilities of levels of the ground multiplet for all the stable elements of the rare earth atoms with a ground configuration 4f N6S 2.…”